Csengeri Piroska - Tóth Arnold (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 54. (Miskolc, 2015)
Régészet - Kósa Polett: Meggyasszó-Halom-oldal dűlő: New data int he Tumulus culture research from North-eastern Hungary
192 Polett Kása The earliest examples in the northern part of the Carpathian Basin are known from the end of the Middle Bronze Age found in the cemetery of Dolny Peter (DUSEK 1966, Taf. XXXI. 10). These pieces could have been the formal antecedents of other Northeast Hungarian artefacts. Since the publication of Detek and Halmaj,2'’ these rings are linked to the Tumulus culture, previously they were only known among the Piliny material (KEMENCZEI 1967, 296). These two cemeteries can be dated to the Rei. Br. Cl (KEMENCZEI 1968,183), to the early Tumulus phase. According to Kemenczei, in contrast to previous understanding, Piliny culture might have taken over this ring shape from the Tumulus culture and not the other way around. Based on the rather small internal diameter, these rings can be identified as hair ornaments and not as finger rings, yet they were among the ashes, which does not suggest any reconstruction about their original wear. However, the gold pieces from Tiszafüred were in each case found beside the head, which supports their function as hair jewels.II. 25 26 The Noppenring of Megyaszó (Table 1. 1/7) has the closest similar example from Detek, as not only their shape, but also their size are exactly alike, the diameter being 0.9 cm in both cases (KEMENCZEI 1968, 166; 4. kép 6). They belong to the same metal hoard horizon, to the Forró horizon (MOZSOLICS 1973, 52).27 II. Spiral ring (Fig. 17) The 4 fragmentary wire rings (Table 2. 4/6) belonged together as a single piece, but they broke during unearthing as they were strongly burnt. No other fragments or applications were detectable.28 There is a parallel piece from Tállya (KEMENCZEI 1969, 31; XII. tábla 22), in the publication of which T. Kemenczei has noted that these rings were widespread costume elements since the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, so they are not sufficient for periodisation (KEMENCZEI 1969, 38). 25 Parallel pieces were found in Detek. KEMENCZEI 1968, 167 (4. kép 6; 6. kép 7); Halmaj: KEMENCZEI 1968, 171 (9. kép 21-22; 11. kép 5; and one more fragment). 26 Rings from Tiszafüred: KOVÁCS 1975, 47 (Pl. 21, 217/8; Pl. 30, 326/4). 27 Other similar examples are from the Piliny sites of Kosice: JÍLKOVÁ 1961 (Obr. 13. 3); Nagybátony: PATAY 1954, 42; Abaújsyántó: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XXX. 25); bodrogkeresytúr. KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XXXV. 9-12); Piliny: KEMENCZEI 1984, 20-21. 28 A similar sized piece was found in the cemetery of Detek: KEMENCZEI 1968, 166 (4. kép 5); while there is no example from Halmaj. The 4 rings has an average of 2 cm internal diameter, so it might have functioned as finger ring. It was mixed among the ashes. In the cemetery of Tiszafüred,29 where skeleton burials contained similar rings with the same diameter, they were placed next to the head. Rings were also found in the cemetery of Tápé,30 although these were made of gold, yet they were situated behind the nape. Similarly to the Noppenring, these wire rings may have served as hair ornaments. BEADS This group contains some clay beads {Table 1. 1/8). Fine dismantling was carried out at the museum, where 25 whole and some fragmented pieces of beads were recovered from the ashes. During the washing of the ashes and anthropological research several more of them came along. A total of 44 complete and an equal amount of fragmented pieces were found. Based on their size, the beads might have belonged to the same necklace or belt, and they may have become secondarily burnt on the pyre. The beads were scattered among the ashes, they were in roughly the same quantity in each layer. The jewellery was not intentionally placed in the urn during the burial rite, but rather simply mixed to the ashes. Similar sized beads were found in Tiszafüred (KOVÁCS 1975, 23; Pl. 14, 157/1-5), but only 5 pieces. These beads were lying between the ribs, so they may functioned as a necklace and not a belt. The closest parallel pieces were found in Halmaj (KEMENCZEI 1968,176; 13. kép 1). Like the beads of Megyaszó, these are also mostly round shaped along with 4 elongated ones. There is one difference between the two: in Megyaszó, placing the beads into the grave was not intentional, however in Halmaj they were collected into a small mug (KEMENCZEI 1968,176), to avoid the decomposition of the necklace. Since the use of clay is general from the very beginning, even for making jewels, the beads have no dating function. 29 Similar rings were located by the head in Tiszafüred KOVÁCS 1975, 9-21 (Pl. 1, 8/3; Pl. 6, 59/5-6; Pl. 8, 82/8-10; Pl. 13, 148/2-5). 30 Gold rings from the Tumulus cemetery of Tápé: TROGMAYER et al. 1975, 61 (Taf. 23, 252/8).
