A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 53. (2014)

Régészet - Csengeri Piroska: Újabb középső neolitikus arcos edények Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyéből

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Csengeri Piroska

Representations). In: ANDERS, Alexandra—KULCSÁR, Gabriella (eds.): Moments in 'Time, Papers Presented to Pál Raczky on His 60th Birthday, Ösrégészeti Tanulmányok/ Prehistoric Studies I. L’ Harmattan Kiadó, Budapest, 289-309.

L. WOLF Mária—SIMÁN Katalin

1984 Encs-Kelecsény (Az 1983. év régészeti kutatásai). Régészeti Fületek Ser. I, No. 37. Budapest, 13—14.

WOLF Mária—SIMONYI Erika

1995 Előzetes jelentés az M—3-as autópálya 10. lelőhelyének feltárásáról [Autobahn M3 10. Fundstelle.]

Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 11. 5—32.

FURTHER MIDDLE NEOLITHIC VESSELS WITH HUMAN FACE REPRESENTATION FROM BORSOD-ABAÚJ-ZEMPLÉN COUNTY (NORTHEAST HUNGARY)

Keywords: Carpathian basin, face-decorated vessels, arched sign, Tiszadob group, Bükk culture

Author’s study about face-decorated vessels of Garadna-Elkerülő út, site No. 2 was published in yearbook of Herman Ottó Museum, recendy (Csengeri 2011a). Problems of the use of the vessels with human face representation and with an arched sign and circumstances of their burying were analysed there. Further finds were found at fieldworks of last years in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Count}' or turned up from the Archaeological Collection of Herman Ottó Museum. These facedecorated vessels also derived from the 3rd or 4rh phases of the Alföld Linear Pottery culture (ALP culture in further). All these “new” finds have been detailed in this study.

Face-decorated vessels with an arched sign were characteristic for Middle Neolithic settlements of the Alföld plain north of the Körös river (Kalicz-Koós 2000; Raczky—Anders 2003; Csengeri 2011a). Increasing number of the known items and frequency of them in each excavated settlements refers to their important role in everyday life of Neolithic communities at these territories.

Vessels with human face representation and an arched sign (“sickle motif”) were collected and analysed by N. Kalicz and J. Makkay (Kalicz-Makkay 1972a, 13-15; 1977, 61-64), N. Kalicz and J. Koós (Kalicz-Koós 2000) as well as P. Raczky and A. Anders (Raczky—Anders 2003). 21 vessels and sherds from 7 sites of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County were published in their studies: Aggtelek-Baradla cave, Bodrogkeresztúr, Kenézlő-Fazekaszug, Mezőzombor-Temető, Miskolc- Tapolca-Várhegy, Sajószentpéter, Szendrő-Ördöggáti-Csengő cave. Further two finds excavated from Sajószentpéter- Kövecses (Csengeri 2002, sherds No. 1 and No. 2; 2003, 35—36) and 22 from Garadna-Elkerülő út, site No. 2 (Csengeri 2011a) were published from the county.

In this study, 30 face-decorated vessels and sherds as well as a piece with human figure decoration have been introduced from 14 sites of the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County (Fig. 1). Most of the finds were discovered by the author in the course of PhD research, at making of a database about Middle Neolithic sites and materials of the county. Greatest number of face-decorated finds was revealed from Encs-Kelecsény that could have been a significant setdement of the Hernád Valley in the Middle Neolithic (fragments of 10 vessels, Fig. 4—6, Fig. 9, 5). 5 face-decorated sherds and the piece with human figure decoration were collected from the site of Szegi-Ady Endre u. 4. of the Bodrog Valley (Fig. 7, 3 and 5—9). From the other sites only a few face-decorated pieces have been known (per site): Edelény-Borsod-Derékegyháza (Fig. 3, 1—3), Encs-Fügöd-Vízre járó, site No. 2 (I'ig. 7, 1), Fancsal-Fő út 49—50. (Fig. 8, 3), Felsővadász-Várdomb (Fig. 8, 1), 1 lejőkürt- LIDL logisztikai központ (Fig. 9, 1—2), Hernádszentandrás-Csárda (Fig. 7, 2), Mezőkeresztes-Cet-halom (M3-site No. 10; Fig. 8,2), Miskolc-ALDI 2 (Fig. 9,4), Rásonysápberencs-Szőlő alja (Fig. 2), Sajószentpéter-Kövecses (Fig. 9, 3), Sajóvámos- COOP (Fig. 7, 4), Szendrő-Ördöggáti-Csengő cave (Fig. 8, 4).

The piece by No. 26 in the catalogue represents a human figure with rised arms (Szegi-Ady Endre u. 4. site, Fig. 7, 5) that could have been connected with human figure decorations of the Late Neolithic Tisza culture (e.g. Battonya- Gödrösök, Goldman 1978, Abb. 4; Öcsöd-Kováshalom, Raczky 1987, F’ig. 20; 2000, Fig. 1; Kisköre-Gát, Raczky 2000, Fig 7; Szegvár-Tűzköves, Korek 1987, Fig. 4, Fig. 23). The Szegi find may be a Middle Neolithic antecedent of these Late Neolithic descriptions and refers to relationship of the Szakálhát and Tiszadob-Bükk communities.

A face-decorated piece of Szegi by No. 27 in the catalogue has been derived from a face-vessel type without an arched sign (Fig. 7, 6). Plastic nose and connection with it plastic eyebrows were described realistically on it (Fig. 7, 6). Close parallel of it has been known from Sonkád (earliest ALP culture; Korek 1977, 23 and Abb. 17; 1983, 14 and Fig. 23, 1).

Majority of the introduced finds belongs to the face-decorated vessels with an arched sign (“northern” face-decorated vessels). They provide further proof for the fact that forms of these vessels were not only the large or middle-sized storage jars with cylindrical necks (Fig. 6, 1, Fig. 7, 1-3 and 9, Fig. 8, 4), but bowls and bomb-shaped vessels were often used (Fig.