A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 50. (2011)

RÉGÉSZET - SIMON László: Római császárkori lándzsa a miskolci Avasról.

192 Simon László The slight curving of the spearhead is very important in dating. According to Kazimierz Godlowski, the ritual curved weapons in the Carpathian Basin may connect with the Vandal ethnic. István Bona agreed with this opinion. He thought that the Victovals who were contemporary with the Vandals, practised burial habits, in which "they buried the ashes of man with burnt and curved (sometimes at a later date) heads of spears and javelins, and bended one or two-edged iron swords" (BÓNA 1993b, 107). A spread with curved blade was found in the graves No. 23. and 94., Zemplén village (BUDINSKY-KRICKAL

AMIOVÁ-S

CHMIEDLOVÁ 1990, 249, P1.IV:2, 256, PI. XIII:5 ) and the German cemeteries in western Slovakia, for example the graves No. 46., 67., 77., 91., 205., 209., 213. of Ábrahám village (TEJRAL 1980, 31-32, Taf. XX,c, 36, Taf. XXIII,c, 38, Taf. XXIV, b, 42, Taf. XXX,b, 72-73, Taf. LVIII,c, 74, Taf. LIX, c, 75, Taf. ÉX,c), the graves No. 3., 9., 10., 14., 24., 25., 26, 36., 37., 39., 42., 53. of Kostolná pri Dunaji (TEJRAL 1980, 96, Taf. LXXV.a, 97, Taf. LXXIX, c, 98-99, Taf. XXXII, k, 101, Taf. LXXXIII.d, 104-105, Taf. XC,d, 105-106, Taf. XCIV.d, 110-111, Taf. CI,b, 111-112, Taf. CII.c. 113, Taf. CIII, b, 112-113, Taf., CIV, c, 117, Taf. CIX,b), the graves No. 8., 9., 13., 15., 20., 33., 51., 70., 83. in the cemetery of Sládkovicovo I. (TEJRAL 1980, 13-132, Taf. XXIX, b, 132, Taf. XXIX,d, 133, Taf. LXXXII, a, 135, Taf. LXXXV, a, 139-140, Taf. CXLI, d). In the centre Polish area of Przeworsk culture, similar curved spearheads can be known, for example in the site No. 1. of Ochedzyn Nowy (KASZEWSKA-KRAUSEMAKIEWITZ-ZABKIEWICZ-KOSZANSKA 1974, PL 205 [2], 8), site No. 1. of Pulawi, Wola Skromowska (the grave No. 1/75) (GAJEWSKI-GURBA 1981, PL 279, (3) 11, PL 275 [1] 4), the grave No. 7 of Wiktorow (MOSZCYNSKI 2010, 128, Rye. 83, 7) and in Sub-Carpathia: the grave No. 3. of Bratovo (Batár), and the sites of Malaja Koponya (Alsóveresmart), Szvaljova (Szolyva) (KOBÁLY 1998, 116, 117, VI., 14, VII.t.3, VIII.t.

4). The name of Avas means the area bordered by Szinva stream from north, Görgey Street (earlier Felszabadítók útja) and Csabai kapu from east, Tapolcai Road from south, and the southern bypass road from west (GYULAI-TÓTH 1993, 22). Any sites of the Roman Imperial Age cannot be known from this area, but six sites were excavated in the immediate neighbourhood (Fig. 5, A-F). Among them, only one (Miskolc, Sötét kapu) contained more finds and exact archaeological observations (Fig. 5, A). This site has been several researched since 1955, and it can be connected to the group of Vandals (KOMÁROMY 1957, 83; PÁRDUCZ 1957; K. VÉGH 1964; K. VÉGH 1975, 91-94; LOVÁSZ 1994, 47; VADAY 2003b, 225; MÁRKUS 2003; PROHÁSZKA 2008; CSENGERI-PUSZTAI

2008, 101; HAJDÚ 2008, 187). Up to this day, we has not known the situations of the cemeteries from the Roman Imperial Age yet, thus we cannot prove any connection between the Avas-type spread and the Roman settlements of the surroundings. László Simon