A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 50. (2011)

RÉGÉSZET - HELLEBRANDT Magdolna: Bronztekercs Abaújdevecserről.

Bronztekercs A baújdevecserről 141 Street, during the digging water pipes in 1983 (WOLF-SlMÁN 1985, 83-84). Two urn burials were found on the western part of Stream Bélus and in the Fő Street, too (KALICZ 1959, 202). Kemenczei dated this site to Piliny culture (KEMENCZEI 1964, 33. III. 1-5.; KEMENCZEI 1984, 111. XXXVI. 8-16). The urn graves of Piliny culture were found in the sandpit near Dögkút and Vízmű, Borsodszirák (Kemenczei 1984, 110). ANALOGIES OF THE BRONZE SPIRAL Bronze spirals occur among the products of Koszider metallurgy first. The spiral of Abaújdevecser is parallel to an anklet of Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom, which was found in the grave B-79 of the cemetery. It is 7,3 cm in diameter. Tibor Kovács excavated the site between 1965 and 1972, and dated at the end of Füzesabony culture (Middle Bronze Age) (KOVÁCS 1975, 5-8; KOVÁCS 1977, 94. Fig. 27., the upper edge of it seems also worn; KOVÁCS 1992, 96-98; DAVID 2002, Table 261: drawing of a child grave D 305, and the anklet in Fig. 4, which was in the same grave near the right ankle-bones). A similar item was found in the cemetery of Hernádkak during an excavation (Middle Bronze Age) directed by Ferenc Tompa in 1934-1935 (BÓNA 1975, 217; B. H

ELLEBRANDT 2005, 5-6). The assemblage of Hernádkak was studied and published by Emily Schalk. In her opinion, it is contemporary with the beginnings of the B Ilia horizon classified by Mozsolics and Tószeg C and Füzesabony B. It means the term between 2200 and 2000 B.C. in absolute age (SCHALK 1992, 232; DAVID 2002, 262. Table 2). Kovács dated the Füzesabony culture in the Carpathian Basin between 1700 and 1400 B.C. (KOVÁCS 1977, 80-81). There was a similar coiled spiral in the bronze treasure of Tiszaladány II (KOÓS 1989, 37-38. 41.1. Fig. 4), The author classified it into the Mozsolics B Ilia, that is the horizon of Hajdúsámson depot. W. David put the bronze finds of Hernádkak, Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom and Tiszaladány-II into the Hajdúsámson-Apa-Ighiel (Igenpataka)-Zajta group (DAVID 2002, 227-228). Based on changing of the style, we study those finds, which have different length shank and different size spirals in the ends after the smaller armlet and anklet. The armlets and anklets were usually found alone. The arm spirals with long shank getting on the leather gloves probably defend the forearm as the parts of the armament. They always came to light in pairs. Hampel published two similar finds: one of them from Óbuda (length 23,25 cm), and the other one from the collection of the Calvinist College of Debrecen (length 18,75 cm) (HAMPEL 1886, XXXVI). Amália Mozsolics dated the similar items of Apa (Románia. MOZSOLICS 1967, 128. 14. t. 2) and Opálos (Päuli§, Románia. MOZSOLICS 1967, 153. Table 18, Fig. 5) into the B Ilia. According to Mozsolics, the following spirals belong to the group of B Illb: Stomfa (Stupava, Slovakia. MOZSOLICS 1967, 162-163. Table 41, Fig. 10), Dunaújváros-Kosziderpadlás I—

III. find (MOZSOLICS 1967, 51.t.3-4. in pairs, 52.t.6), Áporka (Pusztaszentkirály. MOZSOLICS 1967, 156. 63.t.l-2. in pairs), Zajta (MOZSOLICS 1967, 178. 65.t.3), Mezőberény (MOZSOLICS 1967, 149. 67.t.4), Orosipuszta (Zsadány. MOZSOLICS 1967, 153-154. 67.t.l-3). Similar find was found in Nagy-Hangos (Kölesd. BÓNA 1958, 214. dated to the B Illb; Mozsolics 1967. 151). There was one piece in the bronze assemblage of Nyírszőlős, which is probably younger than the horizon of Ópály. Its length is approximately 20-25 cm. (MOZSOLICS 1973, 162. 55.t.2). The finds of Rábé-Sasüllés are remarkable in the former Torontál County. Mihály Makra's wife carried two bronze spirals into the Museum of Szeged in 1901 (REIZNER 1903, 43). They were in pairs, either of them is whole entirely. Its weight is 68 dkg, and the outspread length could be 82 cm. The diameter of one disc is 33 cm, while that of the other is 22 cm. The inner diameter of the middle loop is 7,7 cm. On the surface of the site, there were human and animal bones, too. Previously this territory was planted with vines, so the finds were mixed and came up to the surface because of trenching. Bronze spirals were found in pairs in the depot of Temesnagyfalus (Satu Mare, Románia) (KACSÓ 1997-98, IV.t.1-2., he lists additional Roman analogies). Similar spirals were found in Poland, too (KTOSLNSKA-MLSIEWLCZ 2003, 151-161. 1. spreading map). To sum up, it can be stated that mainly stray finds were came to light from Bronze Age sites in the outskirt of Abaújdevecser. There are not any Middle Bronze Age sites in Abaúj. All the sites, of which the age could be determined, belong to the Piliny culture. According to Amália Mozsolics the bronze