A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 47. (2008)

Csengeri Piroska-Pusztai Tamás: Császárkori germán település a Hernád völgyében (Előzetes jelentés a Garadna-elkerülő út, 1. lelőhelyen végzett feltárásról)

Remains of 22 semisubterranean houses with rectangular form sized of 4-5x5-5,5 m

2 were uncovered in 4 groups (Fig. 3). The buildings were W-E orNW-SE orientated with 6 postholes in them at least (Fig. 5-6). In the course of the excavation came to light approximately 60 postholes, 7 areas with several postholes and 180 storage and refuse pits with abundant find material. 17 refuse pits contained skeletons of buried dogs (Fig. 8). 40 rectangular "pits" are worthy of notice among the features that were found in 6 groups (10-20 pits per groups) on the surface (Fig. 4, Fig. 11). Their walls were plastered with clay and were burnt. The filling of these "pits" were burnt, ashy, sooty and there were big stones and charcoal of boughs and twigs of trees at the bottom of them. In two cases there was an animal skull and in another case a broken millstone in the pit (Figure 9). Secondary usage was observed in the case of 8 rectangular feature: they served for food storage. Big storage vessels with wide rim and decorated with incised wavy lines on their shoulder (Fig. 14) were found in them (Fig. 10). In our suggestion these "pits" were connected with iron smelting. They were in superposition with every other feature on the site. Task of the future detailed analysis of the findings to determine the relationship between the settlement features and the activity zones in which these rectangular pits were found. The best analogies of them were discovered Ín Hernádvécse-Nagy-rét, site No. 5. and No. 7. in which sites more than 60 rectangular features were uncovered (more than 30 pits per groups, excavation conducted by T. Pusztai in 2004, unpublished). Further analogies (several features) have been known from Csengersima-Határátkelő {Istvánovits, E.-Kulcsái: V., 2003, Fig. 18), Peder/Péder (Slovakia, Lamiová-Schmiedlová, M, 1969, 416-418.) and Sebastovce-Barca (part of Kosice/Kassa, Slovakia, Lamiová-Schmiedlová, M, 1963, Obr. 4, 74.). Among the ceramic finds there are local products and representations of Roman ware, too (Fig. 12-14). 60 pieces of terra sigillata or their imitation (Fig. 15), 5 pieces of glass vessels and a denar of Antoninus Pius (I. Faustina (mater), Coh: 78, AR: denar, Fig. 16-17) refer to the relationship between the Barbaricum and The Roman Empire and prove the intermediary role of the Hernád valley in the N-S trade. There is Germanic character of the form and decoration of 6 bone combs (Fig. 18) and a tin pendant decorated with stylized animal heads (Fig. 19). In sum we can establish that on the basis of the foregoing data the settlement remains of Garadna-elkerülő út, site No. 1 can be dated to the 2-3

th centuries AD. At the end of the study are shortly summarized the information about Germanic sites of the Roman Period from present-day Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County on the basis of publications and listed the unpublished sites of the period known from the Hungarian Hernád valley (Fig. 20). Piroska Csengeri-Tamás Pusztai