A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 46. (2007)
ELŐADÁSOK A VALLONOK TÖRTENETÉHEZ - Miklós Cseri: Hungarian Open Air Museum Regional unit: Markét town from Northern Hungary
They prayed in this place for prevention of bad weather (frost, hail, storm) and of vine diseases. With regard to type and forming, the object belongs to the category of "popular Baroque" works of art, as so many memóriái pillars and stone statues of outstanding quality in markét towns in the middle of the 18 th century. The originál statue is in Gyöngyös, we erect its authentic replica in the Museum. The built environment and production area ofthe vineyards in markét towns We intend to present the modes of production and the kinds of grapes grown before phylloxera devastated them. For this purpose we build a terrace system above the upper road leading out ofthe régiónál unit. The stones ofthe walls are set without any binding matériái. The earthen dykes were usually one méter high and 2 meters broad, for one row of grapes. Stone passages, built at right angle to the dykes, carried away the surplus water. Rock dams, stone terraces were typical for larger, adjoining vineyards. Following fieldwork studies and adapted to the local landscape, we intend to create five terraces. Local quarries, brooks or screes supplied the materiéi. The pieces of stone were carved at one side and adjusted to each other by their fitting sides. Sometimes clay was used to fix the construction. A 5-meter broad road paved with fiat stones leads from the tithe house up to the vineyard terraces. We create an area with paved surface on the northern side ofthe cartroad, next to the supporting wall, where carts can stop without disturbing the traffic and wine treading can take place. Such lay-bys used to be the places where tithe was collected in the 18 th-19 th century. After grapes were trodden, the juice was carried immediately to the cellars in the town. The steps, leading upstairs, were a very important construction in the vineyards. The about one méter broad steps are built between two supporting stonewalls. At last we mention the important function ofthe pits near the stone dams and steps, which collected mud and surplus water. The square in a markét town The walking surface ofthe triangular square will be paved with thick, amorphous quarried stones laid in clay. The pavement in front ofthe houses will be made of natural-stone. The research carried out in markét towns established and documented wine storing in house cellars and in cellars in the outskirts, dug intő so called cellar hills. Two vaulted cellars will be built in the supporting wall ofthe southern side. One of them will be a wine shop in the front part of a vaulted cellar. The originál cellar gate was built in Mád in the mid 19 th century. The replica in the Museum will have a straight gable made of ashlars. The irón wings ofthe gate will be fixed in a plankcase. The other cellar is a well-known type in the region: it is a dug cellar of different levels, taking several curbs so that the levels are above each other. The entrance displays a tympanum, the wings of the gate are equipped with wooden latticework and the gate 594
