A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 45. (2006)

Boros László: Adatok Abaúj-Torna és Gömör és Kishont vármegyék 19. századi szőlő- és borgazdaságához

Magda Pál 1819 Magyarország és határőrző katonaság vidékének legújabb statisztikai és geographiai leírása. Pest Rubinek Gyula 1898 A magyar szőlőtermesztés statisztikája. Budapest Udvari István 1990 Abaúj, valamint Torna vármegyék jobbágy népe Tokaj-Hegyalján a XVIII. század második felében. Tokaj és Hegyalja II. 38-46. Viga Gyula 1990 Árucsere és migráció Észak-Magyarországon. Debrecen-Miskolc, 328. 1999 Utak és találkozások. Miskolc, 270. VITICULTURE AND WINE PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTIES OF ABAÚJ-TORNA, GÖMÖR AND KISHONT IN THE 19™ CENTURY Vine is a warmth and light loving Mediterranean plánt species. Vine cultivation on a large scale was introduced by the Romans in the Carpathian Basin, in the provinces of Pannónia and Dacia. Viticulture in the eastern half of the Carpathian Basin spread gradually from the Arpádian Age onward. The study presents an overview of viticulture and wine production in the one-time counties of Abaúj and Gömör lying in the north-easterly part of the Carpathian Basin during the 19th century. The first rather imprecise statistics on vine cultivation date from the laté 18th and early 19th century (Table 1). In 1819, Pál Magda wrote a detailed report on the most important vine growing regions of Hungary, which included the vine growing areas of the counties of Abaúj and Gömör. A series of statistical tables from 1828 presented the vineyards cultivated by peasant tenants together with the amount of wine produced from the taxed vineyards (Tables 2-3). The statistics compiled by Elek Fényes offer an accurate picture of land-use in the 1830s and 1840s (Tables 5 and 7). He assembled an impressive corpus of data on everything one should know about Hungary and discussed agriculture in detail, including vine cultivation and wine production. Table 8 shows the proportion of vineyards among the cultivated areas in the counties of Abaúj and Gömör and the neighbouring counties; Table 9 presents the totál areas drawn intő viticulture and the amount of wine produced in 1865. In 1873, Károly Keleti published precise data on viticulture and wine production. Tables 10-11 and Figures 1 and 5 show the viticulture and wine production of the Cserehát egion in 1873 and 1895. In 1880, Hungary was devastated by phylloxera. The devastation wreaked by this disease is shown in Tables 12-13. The vineyards were left uncultivated. An antidote was eventually found to Phyloxera vastatrix and the vineyards were re-planted by 1910 (Table 15). However, viticulture and wine production collapsed again after World War 1. The northern areas of the counties of Abaúj and Gömör were taken away from Hungary in accordance with the Trianon Peace Treaty. László Boros 309