A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 40. (2001)

RINGER Árpád – LENGYEL György: Miskolc-Rózsás-hegy késő-paleolitikus leletei

LATE PALAEOLITHIC FINDS OF MISKOLC-RÓZSÁS-HEGY At the Rózsás-hegy near Miskolc a Late Palaeolithic site can be found that have been known for 13 years. The first excavation was carried out by Á. Ringer in 1988. Having seen the assemblage he reported Magdalénian technological and typological characteristics (Ringer 1991) and the collection was analyzed by Gy. Lengyel in 2000 (Lengyel 2000). According to the present state of the research the archaeological material can not be classified in any Hungarian Palaeolithic culture, however the characteristics of the industry come from more Late Palaeolithic cultures. Lithic technology shows simply chaîne opératoire: raw material procuring from three areas (local, regional, exotic), mainly local raw material using at the site, core shaping by hard stone hammer and soft hammer, rarely striking platform preparation like in the Magdalénian {en éperon), most of blade's butt is unprepared and linear, unipolar core reduction by soft hammer, usually rejuvenation of the core (striking platform and í/eôz'tage-surface) by flakes, flakes are byproducts, blades-flakes-cores using to make tools by retouch. Most frequented tool type is end-scraper, besides borer, borer-burin combination, atypical zinken, shouldered and tanged piece and blunted bladelet can be found in the assamblage. Stratigraphically there were four layers in the site (seeing from the top to the bottom): grey ploughed soil, brown forest soil/chernozem-brown forest soil, loess loam and sand. Findings lay in the brown forest soil, this soil is transformed loess loam. On the base of the stratigraphical position and the tool types of the assemblage the age of stone implements is the end of the Pleistocene, between 16-10 kyr. It seems according to the tool types and raw material origin there was no cultural border between Central European Magdalénians and Epigravettians of Carpathian Basin during Late Pleistocene. Few blades of Rózsás-hegy have en éperon butt and their analogies can be found among the Magdalénian assemblage of Maszycka Cave in Poland, in the Magdalénian site of Pekárna Cave and Mokrá in Czech. The core striking platform preparation of en éperon characterizes mainly the Magdalénian industries and Brzoskwinia-Krzemionki's and Wolowice's Late Palaeolithic blade industries in Poland are also similar with the blade technology of Rózsás-hegy. Arpád Ringer-György Lengyel 61