A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 40. (2001)

CSENGERI Piroska: Adatok a bükki kultúra kerámiaművességének ismeretéhez. A felsővadász-várdombi település leletanyaga

Tompa F. 1929 Die Bandkeramik in Ungarn. Die Bükker- und die Theiss-Kultur. ArchHung V-VI, Budapest Wosinsky M. 1904 Az őskor mészbetétes diszű agyagművessége. Budapest. - Die inkrustierte Keramik der Stein und Bronzezeit. Berlin K. Zoffmann Zs. 2000 Az alföldi vonaldíszes kerámia Felsővadász-Várdomb lelőhelyén feltárt kettős temetkezésének embertani leletei. - Die anthropologischen Funde eines freigelegten Doppelgrabes am Felsővadász Várdomber Fundort der Linienverzierten Keramik des Tieflandes (AVK). HOME XXXIX, 103-115. DATA TO THE POTTERY OF THE BÜKK CULTURE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS FROM THE SETTLEMENT AT FELSŐVADÁSZ-VÁRDOMB This paper focuses on the finds of the ceramics of the Bükk Culture that came to light at the excavations made by J. Koós and F. Losits at Felsővadász-Várdomb between 1982 and 1984. The site lies SE of the village of Felsővadász, at the bank of the Vadász-brook, in the Cserehát hill region of the North-Hungarian Mountains. The hill of „Várdomb" has a direction from NW to SE. It lays at 160-184 m above sea level and it is built up of sand and sandstone. In the course of sand mining the SW-part of the hill has been destroyed. During the excavations parts of prehistoric settlements were revealed from the Neolithic (Bükk Culture), from the Copper Age (Hunyadihalom Group and Baden Culture) and the Bronze Age (Hatvan and Füzesabony Cultures) on an area of about 350 m

2 (KOÓS 1986a). The author of this paper made her thesis on the analysis of archaeological finds and settlement remains of the Bükk Culture in Felsővadász. Unfortunately, very few features of the Neolithic settlement could be observed - 7 pits, 3 postholes, remains of a (house?) floor and a double burial (the last cf. K. ZOFFMANN 2000). Because ofthat the size and structure of this settlement could not be established. The most important finds are the ceramics, more than 10.000 pieces, 90% of which have not been derived from any settlement features. A description and analysis of vessel forms and decoration of fine ware and coarse ware are presented here. The pieces of fine ware with incised decoration have most often been made from floated clay, and are thin-walled and dark-coloured with a smoothed and burnished surface. According to the raw material of this ware 2 types of ceramics {„a" and „b") have been distinguished („a" type is the most frequent). These types have been analysed by pétrographie method by Gy. Szakmány (SZAKMÁNY 2001, in this volume). The most typical vessel forms of fine ceramics are the bomb-shaped vessels (PI. I., 1-2; PI. XL, 1) and the hemispherical bowls (PI. I., 3-4; PI. II., 1-2; PI. XL, 3-4). The conical and the spherical segment-shaped bowls, the biconical and the pear-shaped vessels as well as the vessels with cylindrical neck and ball-shaped body („amphorae") have occurred more rarely. Among others a fragment of a vessel with four-cornered bottom (PI. X., 1) and a piece of a pedestalled bowl (PI. X., 4) are of special interest. The vessel forms have been identified at Felsővadász are common at the other settlements of the Bükk Culture (LICHARDUS 1974, 24-29). These types have been derived from the forms of the Linear Pottery Culture of the Great Hungarian Plain (AVK) and can be found at the late groups of the AVK coexistent with the Bükk Culture (KALICZ-MAKKAY 1977). 103