A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 19. (1980)

KORDOS László: A Kis-kőháti zsomboly gerinces maradványai

A KIS-KŐHÁTI-ZSOMBOLY GERINCES MARADVÁNYAI 373 4th locality: The rubble falling in the entrance shaft of the pothole of Kis-Kőhát formed a cone. The surface of the cone does not broaden in the Giant Hall since no further rubble arrives there. The finds are from the surface of the rubble cone found in 1971-72. The complex of the snail and bone finds tell about the accumulation circumstances. The material falling into the shaft contains, beside the big mammals, the remains of frogs and snails living in the soil and in the forest floor. The small animal fauna of the surroundings can be found in the cast of the owl living in the entrance shaft. The bats got into the sediment through the death of the animals spending the winter there. The fauna of the 4th locality represents a set of transitional phase in the development of the Hungarian vertebrate fauna, first identified this time. Thus in 1974 I set up the "Transitional Phase" between the Bükk and the Alföld Phases in manuscript. Later I reexamined the holocene vertebrate biostratigraphy and gave a general definition of the faunal phases that, neglecting the cìimatiò factors and the concrete species setting, concentrates on the development of the fauna. This new definition appeared in 1976 under the name "Kőhát Phase" described as follows: "Kőhát Phase (nom. n.) — Biostratotype: Pothole of Kis-Kőhát 4th locality. — The lower limit of this new phase can be set with the final fade-out of Pleistocene species or with their retrocession to considerably limited 'relic' areas. The phase can be characterised by species of contemporary fauna showing however a divergence from the following phase." (Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 68. 1976. p. 22.). 5th locality: The material was found in the dripstone flowdown or in the rubble cemented underneath. It is contemporary to the 4th locality. 6th locality: Behind the entrance of the shaft opening from the Giant Hall between the layers of the dripstone flowdown, the material was found in a rubble of 4-5 cm thickness. It can be dated from the beginning of the Bükk Phase (border of the Atlantic-Subboreal). 7th locality: Bones covered with lime were found in the bottom of the large dripstone cone, in a tetarata basin. Their age is close to that of the 4th and the 8th localities. 8th locality: The material came from a small hole closed between the curtains of dripstone in the wall of the first hole of the pothole. The faunal setting is close to that of the 6th and 4th localities accumulated during the Bükk and the Kőhát Phases. On the bottom of the entrance shaft and in the rubble of the subbreak opening from it bones of big mammals were found, being only some hundred years old. Faunistic examinations : The faunal development of the pothole of Kis-Kőhát cannot be followed because of the difference in localities. Examining the greater systematic units (fig. 2) it can be pointed out that the localities contain first of all bat fauna, and thus the best results can be gained through their examination. The 3rd figure shows the distribution of the geni of bats of four localities in percentage, according to their chronological places. It is striking that the 3rd locality (Atlantic) contains, beside the dominance of the Rhinolophus types, though in low number, the geni of Myotis, Plecotus, Barbastella and Eptesicus becoming dominant on younger localities. The change in the distribution of bat species is shown on the 4th figure. It is only the Rh. hipposideros that can be found on all of the localities from among the Rhinolophii, while the Rh. ferrumequinum and the Rh. euryale are present only on the 3rd locality. The dominant from the Myotis is the Myotis bechsteini and the Myotis blythi oxygnathus on all the localities. The M. mystacinus, the M. nattereri and the M. emarginatus are always present in small number, while the M. dasycneme, the M. daubentoni and the M. myotis are to be found only sporadically. Tendentional change of quantity in coordance with time sequence can be noticed only in case of M. bechsteini (the younger the more) and the M. blythi oxygnathus (the most on the 6th locality). The