Viga Gyula: Tevékenységi formák és javak cseréje a Bükk-vidék népi kultúrájában (Borsodi Kismonográfiák 23. Miskolc, 1986)

population leads a particular "amphibious" life between industry and agriculture. The second, widest chapter of the study deals with the forms of activity with the help of which the population tried to adapt itself the regional conditions: this chapter follows the ways of the individual products and goods in the system of goods exchange, with this, showing the regional relationships of the population of Bükk region. The work consideres the goods exchange between the areas with different regional potentialities as the motives of the effort to equilibrum. As a result of this, in the discussion of the study the author distinguishes the products and goods exhange in agriculture (plant growing, wine and fruit cultivation, animal keep), natural raw materials (mainly stones) and forestry (feral plants, forestry industries, wood and wood works) and also the goods of special homecrafts associated with the above and their exchange and in addition, the migration of the population realted to them. 1. The downs of Bükk mountain, specially its South pre-site is a vine and fruit growing area with old traditions. The trade in fruits gave a significant and of high volume goods exchange with the peasantry of the Plain. Numbers of carts of fruits — mostly plums — were taken to the Plain, where they were directly changed for corns and various food. The study discusses in detail the important fruit growing villages' such activity, the main directions and form of trade. 2. The historical data indicate that the villages of Bükkalja have formed a part of the traditional, historical vine growing region. They had a widespread trade with their famous wines, especially since the middle of the past century, when the feudal restrictions did not impede the free trade in wines. Wine was transported to the Plain in wine-butts on carts, at the same time the farmers of the Plain themselves came up to Bükkalja — e.g. before weddings — for wine. The women took wine for sale in smaller units, too: poured in demijohns of 5 to 10 litres and packed in back baskets or packed up in bundles, the women walked up taking wine to the settlements around the glass works to change it for money or food. 3. Due to the lack of pasture lands and feedstuff a wide-spread shepherd migration could be observed in Bükk mountains. Several forms of this could be observed in the recent past, too. The village folk often hired summer pasture in the puszta-s of the Plain for their liing or fatted animals, or at other times forest pasture lands in the wooded parts of the mountain. The Treasury Forestry also leased out pasture lands opportunely, but the villages with large fields also received animals on their own pastures. Grazing on the lands of the 12 177