Gáti Csilla (szerk.): A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 54., 2016-2017 (Pécs, 2017)

RÉGÉSZET - Jovan D. Mitrović – Selena Vitezović: Zók revisited: Excavations of D. Karapandžić at Zók in 1920

Zók revisited: Excavations of D. Karapandžić at Zók in 1920

183

(trench B) towards west. ?e cultural layer was just some thirty centimetres from the surface and mainly undisturbed. ?erefore, the remains of the daub were revealed relatively quickly. In order to completely reveal and clear the remaining parts of the debris layer, another ditch was opened (trail C), i.-e., the trench was extended for 3 more meters, and several days later the fourth ditch (trench D) was started, also in the same length but 6 m wide (

Карапанџић 1925: 157–160., Глибоњски 2009: 48–51.).

5

?e stratigraphy and finds from Zók

Six decades a?er Karapandžić, systematic trench excavations were carried out in 1977–1982 by István Ecsedy, an archaeologist from Pécs. A?er recovered archaeological material and both horizontal and vertical stratigraphy, it was determined that on the hillfort on Zók the oldest layer belongs to the Early Eneolithic culture of Lasinja-Balaton I (around 3800 BC). ?e oldest settlement was followed by the habitation horizon from the early classical phase of the Baden culture (around 3300 BC). During this phase, the ceramic features that are considered to be typical for the Baden culture were created, such as cups with tall necks and high strap handles (Fig. 3/ 1), spindle- shaped amphorae ‘’

Fischbutte

’’ (Fig. 3/ 2), bowls variating from biconical to spherical and more oval shapes (Fig. 3/ 3–4) and jugs with prominent biconical and arched lower part of the body (Fig. 3/ 6).?e decorative style of the ceramic vessels in this phase of the Baden culture consists of applications, such as plastic bands with finger printing, bundles of incised lines in a shape of the net or intertwined in combination with stamped imprints in rows (Fig. 3/ 6, 5, 7) (

Dimitrijević 1979a: 211–216., Ecsedy 1983: 87–91., idem 1999: 12–13., 19–

22., Tasić 1974: 193., idem 1995: 75–84., 199., Јовановић 1966: 5., Гарашанин 1973: 230., Němejcová-Pavúková 1973: 297–316.).

?e most important stratigraphic layer on the site of Zók belongs to the fortified settlement of the regional, northern variant of the late classical Vučedol cultural complex, also labelled Vučedol- Zók (around 2800 BC), belonging to the transition from the Eneolithic to the Bronze Age. During this phase, Vučedol culture was in expansion beyond its original territory. Basic shapes of the Vučedol ceramography during this phase mostly remain unchanged. From the new shapes the following should be outlined: oval amphorae with cylindrical neck (Fig. 4/ 1), elongated jugs with the strap handle (Fig. 4/ 2), numerous large and small bowls on a cross- shaped foot, and also many miniature stools/altars (Fig. 4/ 3). Most of the objects kept the 5 ?e original archaeological field diary by Dušan Karapandžić, АNМ, № ?, Box 18