Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 46-47 (2001-2002) (Pécs, 2003)

Régészet - Katalin T. Bíró–Zsolt Schléder–Judit Antoni–György Szakmány: Petroarchaeological studies on polished stone artefacts from Baranya county, Hungary II. Zengővárkony: Notes on the production, use and circulation of polished stone tools

T. Biró, Schléder, Antoni and Szakmány: Petroarchaeological studies on polished stone artefacts from Baranya county, Hungary II. 51 rial and occurrence as grave goods shows an interesting pattern. The pieces where typological as well as petroarchaeological information was equally available are summarised in Tables 4a-b and in Fig. 5. Table 4a. Types of polished stone tools and related technological types with petroarchaeological information available by individual raw material types Type Rock name pieces found in grave, pieces axe tephrite 1 mace-head limestone, Villány type 1 tephrite 1 Polisher sandstone 10 shoe-last form chisel amphibolite 1 basalt 3 siliceous limestone 26 limestone, Villány 2 type metamorphic rock 4 porcelanite 12 greenschist 7 sandstone 2 hornfels 1 sedimentary rock 2 triangular/rounded butt chisel amphibolite 3 basalt 1 bituminous limestone 1 siliceous limestone 13 limestone, Villány 1 type 1 limy marl 1 metamorphic rock 3 porcelanite 8 hornfels 2 sedimentary rock 2 greenschist 4 half-finished axe basalt 3 bituminous limestone 2 phonolite 3 Hammer basalt 1 shaft hole core basalt 2 bituminous limestone 1 axe with shaft-hole amphibolite 1 basalt 55 bituminous limestone 21 phonolite 16 sandstone 1 siliceous limestone 3 magmatic rock 1 limy marl 1 metamorphic rock 3 serpentinite 1 tephrite 21 0 о 0 0 1 1 15 2 1 10 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 8 1 1 1 3 8 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 23 8 10 1 3 1 1 3 0 9 hammer with shaft-hole basalt 2 phonolite 1 hoe with shaft-hole basalt 1 limy marl 1 raw material basalt 1 bituminous limestone 1 phonolite 8 chisel with parallel edges porcelanite 1 Retucheur sandstone 2 chisel-axe basalt 2 bituminous limestone 2 siliceous limestone 4 limy marl 3 hornfels 1 sedimentary rock 2 Total 280 1 0 1 1 0 0 и 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 125 Table 5b. Types of polished stone tools and related technological types with petroarchaeological information available (summary) Type pieces found in pieces found grave, in grave, % axe 1 0 0 mace-head 2 0 0 Polisher 10 0 0 shoe-last form chisel 22 9 40,91 trapeze form chisel 38 23 60,53 triangular/rounded butt chisel 39 28 71,79 half-finished axe 8 0 0 Hammer 1 0 0 shaft hole core 3 1 33,33 axe with shaft-hole 124 60 48,39 hammer with shaft-hole 3 1 33,33 hoe with shaft-hole 2 2 100 raw material 10 0 0 chisel with parallel edges 1 0 0 retucheur 2 0 0 chisel-axe 14 1 7,14 Total - pieces with typological and petroarchaeological data 280 125 44,64 It is evident that some types were not given to the deceased. No raw material blocks, no half products and no polishers were among the goods found in the grave within the pieces investigated. Though we know about special „artisan graves" where tool-making tools were given for the Great Beyond (e.g., KOREK 1986), seemingly this was not due to the average persons. At the same time we know some types which are typically found in graves, e.g., mace-head as symbol of rank or prestige (e.g., Aszód, Grave 100, KALICZ 1985). The two items found in the Zengővárkony material came from unidentified context but could be part of a grave find as well. This is true, however, for quite a lot of the polished stone tools, thus the occurrence of grave finds