Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 22 (1977) (Pécs, 1978)
Régészet - Zoffmann, Zsuzsanna K.: Anthropological Finds in Lánycsók, Hungary, from the Early Neolithic Starcevo Culture
158 ZSUZSANNA К. ZOFFMANN headed (European) Alpine type. Angel i0 believes this type to be presumable of mesolithic origin, to be found equally in Middle-, East- and SouthEurope in the prehistoric age. The earliest occurrence of the brachycranic type in the Carpathian Basin may be related exactly to the Körös—Starcevo — Cris culture-complex: the female skeleton excavated at the Transsylvanián Gura Baciului site is of gracile Alpine type. 11 No anthropological report appeared from the two further female skeletons originating from the same site however, according to the preliminary determination they also belong to the alpinoid type with certain Cromagnon В elements. 12 The anthropological material of the grave origi10 Angel (1951) 11 Necrasov —Cristescu (1965) 12 Vlassa (1972) 13 Nemeskéri (1944, 1961) 14 Schwidetzky (1971—72). According to the oral information of J. Makkay the dating of these graves into the Starcevo culture is uncertain. 15 Kutzián (1944) 16 Makkay (1974), Kalicz (1976) nating from Vaskút from the South Hungarian Great Plain, was studied by Nemeskéri. 13 According to him the brachycranial male buried in the grave is of the Dinarian-Mediterranean type. Certain brachycranial elements appear also in the anthropological material of the graves found in Vinca. 1 ' 1 These enumarated brachycranial finds consitute, however, only a small part of the anthropological material belonging to the Körös— Starcevo — Cris culture-complex having anyway a very few number of cases, and appear dispersed in geographically great distance from each other. Views on the origin of the earliest farmering population in the Carpathian Basin differs according to the archaeological literature. Earlier investigations originated the culture of this population from the South in its totality; 15 recently it is presumed that the local postmesolithic population mixed with groups migrated from the south; 16 according to a third theory 17 our territory was subjected only to cultural influence from the south and the original inhabitants adopted consequently the farming way of life. In the — both in time and space — very extended territory of the Körös—Starcevo — Cris culture-complex the very sporadic finds, also anthropologically studied or only taxonomically determined, alighted mainly from the south of the Great Hungarian Plain and from Transsylvania. On the basis of the papers appeared in the literature 18 heterogeneousness to a great extent characterizes the type determinations, not even the dominant taxon of the population could be decided on. 19 In all likelihood, the long-lived population of this greatly extended culture-complex could not have been uniform taxonomically; its slow extension, the developing of local groups, and last but not least the different intensity of its mixture with the smaller or greater groups of the postmesolithic autochton inhabitans could have brought about even biological deviations in the local groups of the Körös—Starcevo — Cris culture-complex. 20 17 Trogmayer (1972) 18 Nemeskéri (1944, 1961), Necrasov— Cristescu (1965), Trogmayer (1969), Schwidetzky (1971—72), Farkas (1974), Zolimann (1976a) 19 Zoitmann (1976) 20 I offer my gratitude to K. K. Éry for revising the manuscript, to M. Dettre for its translating and to Zs. D. Erdőkürthy for doing the photos.
