Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 14-15 (1969-70) (Pécs, 1974)

Néprajztudomány - Mészáros, Gy.: Cigánydialektusok Magyarországon (Nyelvföldrajz)

CIGÁNYDIALEKTUSOK MAGYARORSZÁGON 319 Gipsy-Dialects in Hungary. (Linguistic Geography) GY. MÉSZÁROS The study consists of three parts. In the first part it is given a survey on the linguistic explosion within the scope of dialectal phenomena which was to be observed in the different gipsy dialect of Hungary during the last decades. Namely that the previously more or less strongly differentiated language of gipsy nationality was not able to freed from the process resulting in a really „national" language, a relatively entire linguistic unification and the dialects dissolved gradually in the élite Lovari-dialect. The most typical changes resulted in the Carpathian dialect under the influence of Wallachian linguistic effect was summarized by the table No. I. In table No. II. is presented the mentioned integrating endeavour with the aid of typical, characteristic variants of Wallachian dialect, then the comparative table of some most characteristic idioms by localities (with map enclosed). In our country the gipsies were classificated as follows: 1. Mother tongue is Hungarian 2. Gipsy mother tongue, inside this a) Wallachian dialect (They arrived in Transylvania via Wallachia and from there in our country. Many Rumanian words have mingled into their language.) b) Carpathian dialect (Avoiding the region of Rumanian mother tongue, they were coming in Hungary via Serbia and Croatia.) 3. Rumanian mother tongue. (During their staying in Rumanian language-territory they abandoned their language, nowadays they are speaking merely Rumanian.) Those who are speaking the Wallachian dialect have tribal and clannish names. The tribe name points out their présen tof former activity their clan name derives from animal, place or leader of the clan. Tribal names: Kacari or Khasari „maker of adobes", Lovari „horse-dealer", Colari „carpet maker", Khelderasi „tinker", Masari „fisher", Romano rom „copper-smith", Bodoci „metal worker", Kherari „peddler", Bugari. Curari „sellers of sieves", Patrinari „carrying on business", Drizari „kettle maker". Clannish names: Hercegestê, according to one of the alternative it derives from the name of village Hercegszőlős, to the other it means „descendants of a duke". József archduke namely settled a part of the wandering gipsies in the county Fejér, in Alcsut, present name in Alcsutdoboz. Cokestê, probably from the name of place Csókakő, in county Fejér. Kodestê, Dudumeste, Pirance§tê, Badeste, Muguresté, LucestS, Neneka, Janescok, Katonestë, Hantesteë, Parnëste, Kozestê, from the name of the tribeleader, maybe from their nicknames. Cirikli, from the name of bird, totem animal, Sosojestê, rabbit, Trandeste therties, Ruva, from the name of wolf, Lolleperenge, red-bellied, Buzestê, from the name of the Rumanian town Buzau. In the opinion of the gipsies, also Lajta, the famous gipsy of the reigning prince Rákóczi descended from this clan. Campasostê, from the nickname of club-1'ooted, Käräleste, thorny, having penis.