Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 14-15 (1969-70) (Pécs, 1974)

Helytörténet - Kováts, Valéria: Török hódoltsági épület Szigetváron

TÖRÖK HÓDOLTSÁGKORI ÉPÜLET SZIGETVÁRON 181 dissapeared without leaving a trace. After pulling down of the modern brickstairs leading to the story, we found out that the stairs led originally also in this place to the room of the story. By the help of the break-in observed at the frontal supporting pillar it was possible to determine exactly the structure, the building up of the wooden stairs leading upward. Once the undivided story room with a quite similar size as the ground-floor place could be entered through a wooden portico at the upper end ot the stairs way up. In the course of the wall investigation on the story we found the mark of the stone frame of a third western window, beside the relative intact remained two eastern windows with jamb stone and grill. After knocking off the latest plaster-work, the wide spread plaster-work of the Turkish era was to be seen: the pinki&h, thick gypsum lime layer, mixed with brick powder, over which it was laid a parget of lime mixed with gypsum. By the wall investigation it turned up nine small-sized partly profiled ogee-arch niches with traces of plasterwork. The double, profiled ledges of the place were mostly unharmed. The plaster-work on the trough vault of the building remained fairly quite intact. By the help of the remained break-in of the supporting beams of the flooring deviding the story and ground-floor place it was possible to reconstruct the contemporary beam-structure. Out of the soil of pits at the outer part of the building turned up besides the characteristic glazed and unglazed ceramics of the Turkish occupation some ridge-tile, as a proof to the way of roofing. In the course of renovation of the building it was impossible to set free the former groundfloor part out of the earth, to the deepening of the ground was namely no possibility because of the present day high underground water. It will be possible only after completion of the running canalization of the surroundings. According to this the stairway of the story level could not be completed in its full length and depth. It is to be hoped that during the following years it comes to the supplying with public utilities, to arrangement of this country-like district of Szigetvár, to the pulling down of the neighbouring houses completly, and the small Turkish bulding under the Bástya street No. 3. may become visible in its original form only by this time, in the consequence of the deepened ground level. By preserving of the contemporary character of the building it was arranged an exhibition of the settlement-history and applied art of the era of Turkish occupation by the Board of Directors of Country Museums in these two rooms. During the investigation considered all the possibilities of the function of the building in comparison with the remained relicts of the architecture of Turkish occupation, we came to the conclusion that the type of the Turkish building in Szigetvár can not be looked for among the remained buildings of the era of Turkish occupation in Hungary. Taking into consideration the preserved Turkish monuments in Hungary we have to preclude the tomb, the mosque and the b&th already in advance. The two former building maintained a quite different building type, as it is known according to the rite of Mohammedan religion, corresponding with the religious prescriptions and traditions. The great Turkish traveller Evliia Chelebi refers also to the bath in Szigetvár in his accouant of journey as being in the Turkish town. This little Turkish bath was depicted by Anguissola's general-plan, it stood therefore still in 1689 in the nort-eastern part of the town, thus it is impossible to bring into connection even regional with the little building of the Bástya street. By the baths it was preserved also formally a different type. The most general naming of the small building in Szigetvár the „Koran school" that is „medresse" does not hold out. It is known that the Mohammedan religion by which all the region of the Turkish life was influenced, connected also the education of higher level organically close to the religion. The teaching was made all over the territory of the empire in medresses by the certain class of priests. Locally join the medresses all way s with mosque. Evliia Chelebi discussed about two medresses in his description of Szigetvár, their location however was not closely determined. On the basis of our knowledge one of them might have been joined to the remained mosque of Pasha Ali. standing on the main square of Szigetvár today. The other situating near to this, we may connect to the mosque having been stand on the site of the former Franciscan church. These two medresses are not shown on the general plan of Anguissola, but it may be explained that either they, were built of wood and these wooden building were not depicted by the imperial military engineer or they were destroyed already in the course of series of attack in the years preceding the occupation. It is out of question that it would have been the medresse of the building in the Bástya street. The traditional buildings were erected after a method developed during centuries and they could not deviate