Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 13 (1968) (Pécs, 1971)

Régészet - Kralovánszky, Alán: The Paleosociographical Reconstruction of the Eleventh Century Population of Kérpuszta. Methodological Study

PALAEOSOCIOGRAPHICAL RECONSTRUCTION 89 Bead is given to adults and children (evidently girls). Remarkably it is missing from the graves of persons above 40 years. Its occurrence is equal in the early and the late phase of the cemetery. The shank button is known in female and juvenile graves (evidently girls), also under 40 years in both sections of the cemetery. Rosetta is found in female graves (between 15 and 40 years) in both sections of the cemetery. Rings are found in female and juvenile graves (probably girls) in all age groups. In the early section of the cemetery they are given to people under 40 years of age. The buckle is noticed in the second section of the cemetery,, in the age group between 21 and 40 years. Knife is given only to men and children (probably boys). The occurring cases show people under 50 years. It is buried mainly in the early phase of the cemetery. A strike-a-light was found only in the graves of men between 20 and 60 years in the early section. Brand tongs were noticed in the grave of a woman between 21 and 40 years, in section II of the cemetery. Money is given to children, women and men equally. Conspicuously it was missing in the graves of people between 41 and 60 years. The data presented in Table 23 cannot be valuated from a taxoncmical point of view, since, in our judgment, the number of taxonomically defined persons with grave-furniture is low (a total of 54 cases, i. e. 39 per cent of the people provided with grave-goods). We may summarize the results on the general occurrence of the types of finds according to graves as follows: 1. Among the objects unearthed at Kérpuszta the order of frequency is the following: S-ended hair ring, ring, bead, money, knife, simple hair ring, rosetta, strike-a-light, rattle, shank button, buckle, brand tongs. 2. Antiquating objects: simple hair ring, bead, rosetta, shank button, rattle, knife, strike-alight. 3. Object of increasing importance: S-ended hair ring. 4. As to two objects (S-ended hair ring, ring) the production shows an increasing trend of the use of silver. 5. There is a decided separation according to sex: only women were provided with S-ended hair rings, beads, shank buttons, rosettas, rings, buckles and brand tongs. Only men had knives and strike-a-lights. The simple hair ring and the coins belong to both sexes. 6. As regards age, people under 14 years had only simple hair rings, S-ended rings, beads, rattles, shank buttons, rings, knives and money. 7. In all age groups there were: simple hair rings, S-ended hair rings, rings and coins; only under 40 years; beads, shank buttons, rosettas, buckles and brand tongs; only under 60 years: knives and strike-a-lights. e) Assemblages il. Giving a comprehensive picture, the various assemblages occur in the following order: a simple hair ring alone (4 cases), occurs with ring, bead, S-ended hair ring (2—2) and coin (1) ; an S-ended hair ring mainly alone (54 cases), with ring (21), bead i(18), coin (5), rosetta (2), rattle, simple hair ring, shank button, brand tongs (1—1) ; a bead mainly with and S-ended hair ring (18), ring (8), alone (6), with a rosetta (4), coin (3), shank button, simple hair ring '(2), buckle, rattle and shank button (1—1); a rattle with an S-ended ring and bead (1); a shank button with an S-ended ring and bead (1); a rosetta with bead (4), S-ended hair ring (2), alone (1) ; a ring imainly with S-ended hair ring ((21), bead (8), alone (6), with coin and simple hair ring (2—2), and buckle (1); a buckle with an S-ended hair ring, ring and bead (1) ; a knife in the most cases alone (9) and with a strike-a-light (1); a strike-a-light with a knife and alone (i-i); brand tongs with an S-ended hair ring (1); money alone (7), with S-ended hair rings (5), bead (3), ring (2) and a simple hair ring. 2. Analyzing the occurrence of assemblages with regard to the inner chronology of the cemetery, we may state the following: In the early and the late phases the conjunction of finds is essentially the same: the simple hair ring occurs with beads, rings, in the late phase with S-ended hair rings and coins. The two latter objects seem to be naturally linked, since we may suppose that things were easier to purchase in the second half of the eleventh century. The S-ended hair ring appears together with a bead, rosetta or ring, or in the early section with rattle and shank button, in the late one with simple hair ring, brand tongs and coins. The surplus and lack noticed in the two sections is in connection with the changes effected by the general surplus and lack of objects. The same is valid for the beads. As regards the rattle, the shank button, the