Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 13 (1968) (Pécs, 1971)
Régészet - Kralovánszky, Alán: The Paleosociographical Reconstruction of the Eleventh Century Population of Kérpuszta. Methodological Study
98 KRALOVÁNSZKY products for money and improved their financial status thereby; this is reflected by the fact that girls and women were able to put on the more expensive and imore variously decorated silver jewels. 7. As regards their ethnical connections we mention the following : a) The geographical names of the surroundings bear the traces of significant Illyrian, Celtic and Slavonic population in the eleventh century. 511 b) The site of the cemetery: »Kér« is derived from the Hungarian tribal name of the late tenth century/' 0 c) Anthropological data show mainly such a complex of taxonomical types which occurs in mixtures both among the aboriginal population and the conquering Hungarians. 61 d) The archaeological material and the rites are not typical of any ethnical units in the eleш Kniezsa, 1938 428. fi0 Kniezsa, 1938 459; László, 1944 240; Györffy 1960 27—34. ш Lipták, 1951 231—249; 1958 210—268. 1. As regards demography, we have little chance of comparison yet. We have no fully uncovered cemetery from this period, except the Halimba one. 07 In the Table 29. we present the more important demographical data from Kérpuszta and Halimba. Basing their researches on the documentary material of the eleventh century, Györffy''" and Szabó™ estimated the average number of families in an eleventh century Hungarian village at about 35. Consequently the average number of souls, reckoned on the diverging view of authors, is in the Table 30. We cannot deal with the reasons of the différence between the larger average number of the documentary and the smaller one of the archaeological data here. We just note that the Kérpuszta population may have been smaller than that of the villages of the average size. 2. We posses very few data on the situation of the forearms, suitable for comparison, at the present moment. Consequently the archaeological material does not furnish the basis of a sure explanation yet. Neverthless, the 07 Török, 1962; Kiss, 1968 243—256. fi4 Györffy, 1963 48—49. 69 Szabó, 1966 76—79. venth century in the last resort. 03 Some traces (rosetta, shank button 03 ) remind us of the objects imported by the conquering Hungarians to the Carpathian basin; one object (rattle) is of Avar origin; 0 '' the rest (simple and S-ended hair ring, bead, ring, buckle, knife, strike-alight, money) is common is all Eastern Europe/" e) In the opinion of Györffy the toponyms identical to the names of the conquering Hungarian tribes are derived from the »jobbágy« stratum of society, being in its turn equal to the »miles« stratum of the Laws of St. Stephen. If Györffy is right, and there is no cemetery of the same age at Kérpuszta, then we are able to define the social standing of the population analyzed here. This would mean that the »miles« stratum were not necessarily identical with the people who have been buried with arms. 00 '•- Kralovánszky, 1959 327—361; Szőke 1962 99. ,й Szőke, 1962 73—75, 79. M Csallány, 1956. 63 Szőke, 1962 35, 52, 55, 63, 86. 00 Györffy, 1959 27—28. Table 31. illustrates the fact that the Kérpuszta data do not diverge from the remaining members of the investigated series, though they present more variations than other cemeteries from the eleventh century. 3. The percentage of the graves supplied with grave-furniture at Kérpuszta is situated nearer to the lower limit, without representing a special case nevertheless. (Table 32.) 4. The qualitative point value of the archaeological material 7 " gives us a good chance for comparison, informing us on the material culture of the Kérpuszta population on the basis of the finds yielded by the cemetery. The Table 33. summarizes the data of the various cemeteries from the eleventh century. In the investigated series the lowest value is represented by Kérpuszta. This bears out the conclusion that the community is one of the poorest. For the rest, also the Transdanubian and Cisdanubian areas show a certain difference in values (average number of points = 12.5; 18.4.) Naturally the order of the various communities in this scale of values will be changed after the execution of similar investigations on a broader scale. '» fay—Kralovánszky—Nemeskéri, 1963 59—60. IV. The Place of the Kérpuszta Community Among the Various Communities of the Eleventh Century
