Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 13 (1968) (Pécs, 1971)
Régészet - Makkay, János: The Chalcolithic Male Relief from Villánykövesd and the Earliest Male Figurines in South-Eastern Europa
50 MAKKAY three areas in the mentioned period. 77 We find essentially the same connections as regards the archaeological material of Thessaly A (in the first place of the Sesklo typ): it is partly earlier than the Middle Neolithic, mainly the »Urfirnis« material, partly contemporaneous with it, equally parallel to levels V —I at Hacilar, and it is esp. closely related to some types of the Samarran pottery (the »whirl patterns«.) 78 In this age male idols are rare too, but their frequency is greater, mainly in the A3ß material of Thessaly. We know such ones from Tsangli™ (Fig. 5 no. 4). Tsani magula Stratum Ic (Fig. 6 no. 6) and chiefly from Sesklo (Fig. 9 no. 3). 80 Nevertheless, the exact dating of the latters is uncertain: one of them may be regarded even as Late Neolithic, another possibly as Early Neolithic. 81 A statuette from Charioneia (Middle Greece) is datable perhaps to the Middle Neolithic too. 82 Let it be said in passing that the number of male idols is similar in the Late Neolithic of Greece too. 83 To this period belong the figurines from Drachmani-Elateia M , Zerelia*'', Larissa, 8 * Sesklo 87 , Korynthos 8 * and possibly from Lerna. 89 At the same time however in the cultures of South Eastern Europe and esp. of the Central Balkans (in the Vinca culture), contemporaneously with the Dimini material and the Greek Subneolithic increased the number of male figurines, in such character that it becomes necessary to investigate the new problems raised by them (in the first place their 77 S. S. Weinberg, op. cit. Chronologies, pp. 292— 293, and САН 36 (Cambridge 1965) p. 39; J. Mellaart, ASt 8 (1958) pp. 1953—1955. 7S S. S. Weinberg, op. cit. Chronologies, pp. 295, САН (Cambridge 1965) p. 35; cp. J. Mellaart, ASt 8 (1958) pp. 153—156, and 10 (1960) p. 91. 79 Cf. two other exemples: A. J. B. Wace — M. S. Thompson, Prehistoric Thessaly. (Cambridge 1912) Figs. 76 j and 75 d. 80 Further male statuettes from Sesklo: H. Tsountas, Dimini and Sesklo. (Athens 1908) pi. 33,2; 33,4; 35,§; 37,2, and Chr. Zervos, Naissance de la civilisations en Grèce. (Paris 1962—1963) 219, »Sesklo II.« 81 H. Tsountas, op. cit. PI. 37,1, resp. Chr. Zervos, op. cit. 219. 82 L. Franz, JPEK 1932, PI. 10,5. 83 F. Schachermeyr, Prähistorische Kulturen Griechenlands. RE (Stuttgart, 1953?) col. 1376. *'• L. Franz JPEK 1932, p. 44. 5 A. J. B. Wace — M. S. Thompson, op. cit. 163., Fig. 110.; H. Mobius, AA 1954. 212—215.; J. Makkay, Acta Arch. Hung. 16 (1964) 54., PI. 4,1.; Post-neolithic dating by J. L. Caskey, САН 24 (1964) 8. 86 H. Möbius, AA 1954. pp. 209—216., with further literature. 87 H. Tsountas, op. cit. PL 37,1.; for later male idols see H. — V. Herrmann, Ath. M|tt. 77 (1962) p. 31, note 124. 88 S. S. Weinberg, AJA 43 (1939) 598., Fig. 13. 89 J. L. Caskey, Archaeology 6 (1953) Fig. 10. new-fashioned relation to the representations of goddesses). In the area of the Balkans the most Late Neolithic male idols are known from the Vinca culture but at the same time the least data are available for their dating. At Vinca itself at least 17 self-standing (male idols have been uncovered at a depth between 7,3 and 4,8 metres. However, a part of them may be regarded as male presentments on account of their portrait character (the male look of the face). Though only with some caution, we may gather from the data on depth that all those idols may belong partly to phase 2 of the period Vinca В and to the even later Vinca C=Tisza culture, partly to the beginning of the Vinca-Plocnik period. No attribute is found on the Vinca idols, except for a shoulder-belt represented in a single case (Fig. 6 nos 5a-c); the remaining pieces are simple ones made of olay (Fig. 6 nos 1, 3, Fig. 7 nos 1—5). Unfortunately also the dating of other idols of the Vinca culture, found at other sites, is mostly uncertain. The statuettes found at Bogojeva-Gombos (Fig. 5 no. 1) and Lipovác-Dizaljkd M may be enlisted into the phase Bl or latest B2 of the Vinca-Tordos culture, whereas the finds from Versec-Kápolnahegy (Fig. 6 no. 7), Gradac-Leskovác (Fig. 6 no. 8), Karagac (Fig. 3 no. 3), Valac^ Pristina-Predionica* 1 Pavlovci, 93 Kosovska Mitrovicd" 1 allow also a dating to the Vinca-Plocnik period. A fragment from Banjicd x ' is datable to the time of Vinca-Tordos — Vinca-Plocnik transition. The two specimens are derived from Zelenikovo № and Porodm* 1 may be enlisted into the Porodin group, consequently to the Makedonian Late Neolithic, contemporaneous with the Vinca Bl phase. 98 The decoration of the Gradac statuette, modelled after a shoulder belt, is m V. J. Fewkes, Neolithic sites in the MoravoDanubian Area (Eastern Yugoslavia). American School of Prehistoric Research, Bulletin 12 (May 1936) PI. IV, 1, possibly with a shoulder-belt too. 1,1 N. Tasié, Glasnik Muz. Kosovo-Metohija 4—5 (1959—1960) PI. 10,4; 10,3; 11,2; 12,6. 112 R. Galovic, Predionica. Neolitsko Naselje kod Pristine. (Pristina 1959) p. 74, 442 = nr. 574, PI. LXXXIV, 6 and 443 = nr. 573, PL LXXXIV, 4a-b. 93 O. Hbckmann, op. cit. II. Teil, p. 69, nr. 734. National Museum, Beograd, Inv. Nr. 1840. Unpublished. 94 J. Glisic — B. Jovanovic, Glasnik Muz. KosovoMetohija 2 (1957) PL 1,5. 95 J. Todorovic — A. Cermanovic, Banjica. Naselje Vincanske Kulture. (Beograd 1961) PL 12,4. 96 R. Galovic, Neue Funde der Starcevo-Kultur in Mittelserbien und Makedonien. 43—44. BRGK 1962— 1963 (1964) PL 16,3. 97 M. Grbic — S. Nagy et al., Porodin. Eine spätneolithische Ansiedlung auf der Tumba bei Bitolj. (Bitolj 1960) PL 30,5. 98 The types of PL 17,1—4; 25,1 and 37,1—4 from Porodin indicate esp. the Vinca Bl phase.
