Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 13 (1968) (Pécs, 1971)

Régészet - K. Zoffmann, Zs.: An Anthropological Study of the Neolithic Cemetery at Villánykövesd (Lengyel Culture), Hungary

26 К. ZOFFMANN Grave 2. (uninventoried) — Mature. Only a fragment of the maxilla with 5 teeth was saved. By the II. grade abrasion of the teeth, the individual probably belonged to the mature age-group. Grave 3. (Inv. No. 58.107) — Inf. I. According to the records of the excavation, the skull of the badly preserved infant skeleton had been demolished by plowing and only the skeletal bones were saved. — In want of the skull and the teeth, identification was based on the skeletal bones which indicate an infant belonging to age-group Inf. I. Grave 5. (Inv. No. 58.4) — Male, 68—80 years. A fragmentary, slightly destorted, scalecoated skull with mandible; base of skull absent. The spinal column was not saved. Brain-case: Elongated pentagonoid in norma verticalis, house-shaped in norma occipitalis. In norma lateralis the forehead low, slightly arched, vertex elongately and flatly arcuate, a lambdoid flatness observable; curvoccipital. Brain-case very long, very narrow, low. Forehead very narrow, comparatively low. Pterion area ossified; sutura lambdoidea with small ossa wormiana on left side. Facial skeleton: Very fragmentary, but probably narrow. Nasal root medium wide; profile of nasal ridge not establishable. Apertúra piriformis wide; lower margin of apertúra piriformis anthropine; spina nasalis anterior Broca 3. Position of facies malaris and depth of fossa canina indeterminable. Bony palate very deep, meso- almost brachystaphyline ; upper dental arc divergent. Mandible narrow, rnentum bilateral. Dentition: Teeth sparsely spaced in both rows; anterior teeth of upper row in a more or less rotated position. Both lower and upper M3 on both sides impacted. No caries; small and medium abscessus cavities on labial side at radial apex of right 12 and PM1 and at left PM1 Ml in upper row. Abrasion IV

—V. Pathology: On the basis of the unusual breadth of the nasal base and the extreme narrowness of the facial cavities, REGÖLY— MÉREI established and arthrophic deformation identifiable with the clinical picture of oazena (REGÖLY—MÉREI 1960, 76, Plate II. fig. 9; 1962, 138, fig. 116: erroneously cited as a find from Zengővárkony). Grave 7. (Inv. No. 58.5) — Male, 34—40 years. The skull and the forearm bones have been ploughed out. No pathological deformation was observable on the available material (the vertebral columm was not saved). Grave 8. (Inv. No. 58.6) — Male, 43—52 yars. According to the records, the grave was partially ploughed out, thus only some fragmentary skeletal bones have been saved. They showed no pathological deformation. Grave 9. (Inv. No. 58.7) — Male, 40—50 years (Plate IV). The grave was disturbed by ploughing, so the lower leg bones have been destructed. Only the skull was saved. The brain-case is slightly destorted, its base and the facial skeleton are very fragmentary. Brain-case: In norma verticalis — pentagonoid, in norma occipitalis — house-shaped. In norma lateralis the forehead low and steep, vertex evenly arcuate, occiput — curvoccipital. Skull long, medium wide, on the border of dolicho- and mesoorainy. By auricular height high — ortho-, almost hypsicranial, metriocranial. Forehead very narrow — stenometopic. — Pterion H-shaped. Facial skeleton: Narrow, medium high. Orbita medium wide, low —• chamaeconch. Apertúra piriformis high, medium wide; nasal root wide; shape of nasal ridge indeterminable. Lower margin of apertúra piriformis — anthropine; spina nasalis anterior — Broca 2. Position of facies malaris — temporal; depth of fossa canina indeterminable. Bony palate high; upper dental arc widely U-shaped. Mandible narrow; the mentum medial. Dentition: Molars of upper row and II in lower row lost ante mortem, alveoli in process of absorption. Large and medium interproximal neck-caries on distal side of right PM2 in upper row, and on distal side of left PM2 and mesial side of left Ml in lower row. Abrasion III. Grave 10. (Inv. No. 58.8) — Female, 36—40 years (Plate I.). The skull of the adult skeleton is well preserved, but the right os temporale and os parietale as well as the base of the cranium are missing. There were the fragments of a foetal skeleton within the pelvis of the female skeleton. Brain-case: In norma verticalis —- elongated pentagonoid, in norma verticalis — house-shaped. In norma lateralis the forehead low and steep, vertex flatly and elongately arcuate, lambdoid flatness minimal, curvoccipital. Skull very long, narrow — hyperdolichocranial. By auricular height very low — chamaecranial, metriocranial. Forehead narrow but low — eurymetopic. — Pterion ossified. Facial skeleton: Narrow, medium high. Orbita narrow, low — mesoconch. Apertúra piriformis wide, medium high — chamaerrhin. Nasal root comparatively narrow; shape of nasal ridge — concavo-convex. Lower margin of aper-