Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)
Pásztor Emília: A bronzkori hidelmek és a természet kapcsolata a Kárpát-medencében
The Relationship of Bronze Age Beliefs and Nature in the Carpathian Basin Healing people, animal; weather magic, organizing and conducting events for the whole community, determining thetimeand place for regular sacrifice, divination etc. The question is whether we should assume there was a specialist like a priest, or rather a shaman, for this purpose during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. Brian Hayden distinguishes between the two roles as follows: „The shaman is a person who has to overcome the forces of nature and have to prove his or her power to rule them... that is quite different from what a priest does. One of the most characteristic features of organized religions is that they seek to bring economy and politics under control." (Hayden 2003, 57). Shamans can also be found in complex societies, but priests only in a hierarchical society where religion has already become an institution. The formation of a clerical layer in a society needs certain socio-economic and ideological conditions. Such as sedentary lifestyle; product surplus, rich sacrificial rites, financial resources to supply specialized Fig. 2. Ritual feeding of a stone with carved anthropomorphic face, possible created by the Bronze Age Okunev archeological culture (late 3rd - early 2nd millennia BC). The stone statue named Ulug Khurtuyakh Tas (the Great Stone Woman, but locals also called her the Mother of Khakassia) was highly honoured as the protector of motherhood. Photo were taken in 1930-ies. 2. kép Egy emberarcú kőtömb rituális etetése, Hakaszföld. A faragás stílusa alapján feltehetően a bronzkori Okunev kultúra idején készült több mint 4000 évvel ezelőtt. A helyiek Nagy Kőasszonynak vagy a Hakasz nép Anyjának (Ulug Khurtuyakh Tas) nevezik és máig mély tisztelettel adóznak neki (1930-ban készült fotó, a 'Khurtuyak tas' Múzeum, Hakasz Köztársaság engedélyével). 06 /////////////////////////^^^^
