Rosta Szabolcs szerk.: Kun-kép - A magyarországi kunok hagyatéka (Kiskunfélegyháza, 2009)

Hatházi Gábor: A déli Kiskunság 14-15. századi kincsleletei és azok lehetséges kun vonatkozásai

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ABOR: A DÉLI KISKUNSÁG 14-15. SZÁZADI K1NCSLELETE1 ÉS AZOK LEHETSÉGES KUN VONATKOZÁSAI tury consists of jewels (3 14

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h century silver rings with engraved decoration on the round and 1 on the rhomboid head; 2 I5

n century cast signet-rings, 1 silver buckle from the turn of the 13

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h/14

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h century, 13 Gothic stamped ornamented plates, several of which were transformed into pairs of breast decorations). The common weight of the mostly gilded silver objects is 400 g. The majority of the jewels are worn showing the use of several generations, injuries and missing parts are frequent. Several decades passed between the time of manufacture and hiding - even in the case of the cast signet-rings of the 15

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h century. Despite of the 400-g common weight of the cup and the jewels, this corresponds only to 6-6.5 golden florins. If we take into consideration the sophisticated elaboration and rich gilding of the mounts, adding the fee of manufacture, this value could not had been much higher than the economic strength of the owners of the Bodoglár hoard. This picture becomes more sophisticated if we consider the cast-engraved signet-rings, suggesting that the hoard had something to do with the family of the Fejértó settlement captain. The hoard from Kiskunhalas-Alsóbodoglár was found during earth-works (1941). 18 silver decorations and 2312 coins were hidden in a 15"' century clay pot. 4 of the coins were golden, the rest - about 677 denars - were silvers of low value. Judging from the latest pieces, the hoard could be hidden at the turn of the 1420s / 1430s. The earliest piece of the decorations is a fragment of a bracelet with filigree, of Byzantine character. It can be dated between the m id-13

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h -early-15

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h century. The rest is 14 ' century Gothic product: a cast, square shaped costume mount with a web shaped frame, decorated with human masks at the corners with traces of mirror- inlay, and bigger, rosette shaped stamped one with an enamel star shaped inlay in the middle. Small stamped mounts (5 round and 1 half-sphere shaped) probably belonged to a headband. The closing pieces of the assemblage are knobs dated to the 14

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h century ( 1 semi-lenticular shaped with rosette decoration and 5 hemisphere shaped ones). The majority of the silver objects were gilded. Their common weight is about 58 g. Here we can also observe the shabbiness and frequent injuries showing that these objects were used by several generations. This hoard was found also at the territory of a Cuman village that had been archaeologically researched. The owners of the hoard could belong to the elite layer of this village. Decorations preserved even in fragments for several generations can refer to a Cuman family that used to be significant somewhere in the past, but from the 14"' century they were not wealthy enough any more to collect new jewels. The coin material covers about 70 years. The small amount of cash refers to the generation of the family that started to "go down" from financial point of view. Despite of its significant amount, accumulated money did not represent a serious value and - taking into consideration the economic conditions of the age - together with the decorations it was enough only for buying 5 oxen and one riding horse of good quality (11-12 golden florins). The Kelebia Hoard (1962) was found in the course of archaeological excavation. The assemblage consisting of 97 pieces was unearthed in two pits, without any traces of a vessel or casket. The earliest pieces of the jewels dated to the mid-13

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h - late-14

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1 century - pair of head-decoration with chains and pendants and pair of plate bracelets with filigree - are products of Byzantine style. This group may involve one more object: a piece of a pair of a breast decoration ornamented with doves sitting on a tree. This decoration is very different from the Gothic motives of the rest of the ornamented plates. The same can be said about a square shaped, punched mount with the imitation of filigree and granulation. Cast and open-work cloakmounts with lion decoration from the 13

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h century and a large, star-shaped buckle from the first third of the 14' century belong to western decorations. The most serious "enigma" of the hoard is a star shaped pendant of poor quality, made at home supplemented by a string of glazed beads. The pendant by itself does not characterise the Anjou Age fashion of the Carpathian Basin, but at the same time, the plate with a monogram attached to it is a Gothic product of the 14

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h century. The rest of the hoard includes characteristic 13

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h 14"' century rings with engraved heads, 14

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h century stamped plate decorations (21 pieces) and large series of various knobs (58 pieces). The majority of the objects were made of gilded silver. Their common weight is about 580 g. The shabbiness of the decorations, frequent reparations, homemade alterations and the presence of fragments preserved, as "raw material" is evident even today. This 87