Somogyvári Ágnes et al. (szerk.): Településtörténeti kutatások - Archaelogia Cumanica 3. (Kecskemét, 2014)
Castrum Tétel program (Solt–Tételhegy) eredmények és perspektívák - Gyulai Ferenc: Solt–Tételhegy régészeti lelőhely archaeobotanikai kutatása
ARCHAEOLOGIA CUMANICA 3 HARTYÁNYI - NOVÁKI 1974 Hartyányi Borbála - Nováki Gyula: Növényi mag- és termésleletek Magyarországon az újkőkortól a XVIII. sz.-ig II. MMMK (1974) 23-73. JACOMET - BROMBAHER - DICK 1989 Jacomet, S. - Brombacher, Ch. - Dick, M.: Archäobotanik am Zürichsee. Ackerbau, Sammelwirtschaft und Umwelt von neolitischen und bronzezeitlichen Seeufersiedlungen im Raum Zürich. Berichte der Zürcher Denkmalpflege 7 (1989) KROLL 1990 Kroll, H.: Melde von Feudvar, Vojvodina. PZ 65 (1990) 46-48. RAPA1CS 1934 Rapaics Raymund: A kenyér és táplálékot szolgáltató növényeink története. Népszerű természettudományi könyvtár 16. Budapest, 1934. RÁPÓTI - ROMVÁRY 1983 Rápóti Jenő - Romváry Vilmos: Gyógyító növények. Medicina, Budapest, 1983. SZABÓ 1969 Szabó István: A középkori magyar falu. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1969. TERPÓ 2000 Terpó András: A táj szinantropizációja a nagy történelmi sorsfordulók idején. In: Füleki Gy. (szerk.): A táj változásai a Kárpát-medencében a történelmi események hatására. Budapest-Gödöllő, 2000.18-25. WILLERDING 1983 Willerding, U.: Paläo-etnobotanische Befunde und schriftliche sowie ikonographische Zeugnisse in Zentraleuropa. Plants and Ancient Man. Rotterdam. Studies in palaeoetnobotany 5 (1983) 75-88. Ferenc Gyulai The archaeobotanical samples from the archaeological site at Solt-Tételhegy A total of 32 soil samples, each weighing 835 kg, were collected for the archaeobotanical analyses during the excavations conducted between 2007 and 2009 at the Solt-Tételhegy site. The flotation of the samples and their assessment resulted in the extraction of 13,000 macrobotanical remains, principally seeds and fruits, of 125 plant species. The samples were collected from Bronze Age, Árpádian Age and late medieval features; however, the chronological distribution of the remains is rather uneven. The lowest number of macroremains comes from the Bronze Age pits, while the highest number from the Árpádian Age pits and buildings. The Bronze Age samples yielded cereals; barley and hulled wheats (einkorn and durum emmer) alongside a low number of weeds. Rye occurs sporadically, while mosquito grass (Dasypyrum villosum) was only found among the samples of this period. The increase in the number of species identified in the Árpádian Age samples can be explained not only by the higher number of samples, but also by the larger population and the improvement of cultivation techniques as well as by the greater diversity of exploited habitats. The high number and many different types of cereal grains reflect a substantial cereal cultivation: barley, wheat, rye, millet and various weed species were identified. The diversity of cereals was complemented by a variety of vegetables and fibre plants. Hemp was used for many purposes, and a familiarity with its narcotic properties cannot be wholly excluded. It seems likely that several fruit species were known to the community living here, even though the samples only yielded walnut shells. Evidence for early vine cultivation is provided by the wine grape pips. Cultivated plants were complemented by wilds fruits such as wild strawberry, dewberry and wild grape. The high number of weeds can be explained by the size of the nearby arable fields; their majority indicates autumn-sown cereal host plants, while a smaller portion can be associated with with cereal or wintercrop weeds and spring-sown cereals. The high number of species reflecting trampling indicates an extensive settlement habitat. The environmental reconstruction based on the many plant species whose remains were deposited in the samples from the one-time natural environment indicates that the settlement lay in a water-rich habitat, with open water, floodplains, marshland and wet meadows. Interestingly enough, most of the marshland species were found in the samples from House 55, a sunken building. The community lived near water, near paludifying gallery woods, but there were also meadows, pastures and hay fields nearby where they grazed their livestock. The late medieval samples contained fewer plant remains; although the major cereal species were represented in them, their cultivation seems to have declined alongside other farming activities. The food remains from the Árpádian Age and the late Middle Ages attest to a varied and distinctive culinary taste, reflected by meat porridges, leavened bread and various cakes. 184
