Somogyvári Ágnes et al. (szerk.): Településtörténeti kutatások - Archaelogia Cumanica 3. (Kecskemét, 2014)

Castrum Tétel program (Solt–Tételhegy) eredmények és perspektívák - Persaits Gergő–Sümegi Pál–Törőcsik Tünde: A solti Tételhegy környezettörténete pollen- és fitolitelemzés alapján

ARCHAEOLOGIA CUMANICA 3 JACOBSON - BRADSHAW 1981 G. L. Jacobson, Jr. - R. H.W. Bradshaw: The selection of sites for paleovegetatioml studies. Quaternary Research 16 (1981) 80-96. JÁRAI-KOMLÓDI 1987 Járai - Komlódi, M.: Postglacial climate and vegetation history in Hungary. In: Holocene environment in Hungary, (eds: Pécsi, M. - Kordos, L.) Geogr. Res. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sei., Budapest, 1987,34-47. KREMENETZK1 1995 Kremenetzki, C. V.: Holocene vegetation and climate history of southwestern Ukraine. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 85 (1995)289-301. MAGYARI 2002 Magyari, E.: Climatic versus human modification of the Late Quaternary vegetation in Eastern Hungary (A Kárpát-medence keleti területeinek késő negyedidőszaki vegetációváltozásai a klimatikus és emberi hatások tükrében). PhD Disszertáció. Debreceni Egyetem, TTK, Ásvány és Földtani Tanszék, Debrecen, 2002. Moore, P.D. - Webb, J.A. - Collinson, M.E.: Pollen Analysis. Blackweel Publications, Oxford, 1991. Persaits Gergő: Afitolitok szerepe a geoarchaeológiai minták értékelésében. Doktori (PhD) értekezés, SZTE TTIK Földtani és Őslénytani Tanszék, Szeged, 2010. Piperno, Dolores R.: Phytoliths. A comprehensive guide for archaeologists and paleoecologists. Altamira Press, Lanham, 2006. Reille, M.: Pollen et Spores d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord. Laboratoire de Botanique historique et Paiinologie Marseille, 1992. Sernander, R.: On the evidences of Postglacial changes of climate furnished by the peat-mosses of Northern Europe. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlinger 30 (1908) 465-473. Simmons, I. G.: Environment and early man on Dartmoor, Devon, England. Proceedings of Prehistoric Society 8 (1969) 203-219. Stockmarr, J.: Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen et Spores 13 (1971) 614-621. Sümegi Pál: A negyedidőszak földtani és őskörnyezettani alapjai. JATEPress, Szeged, 2001.151-157. SZÉKYNÉ - SZEPESI 1959 Székyné Fux, V. - Szepesi, K.: Az „alföldi” lösz szerepe a szikes talajképződésben. Földtani Közlöny 88 (1959) 53-64. TROELS-SM1TH 1955 Troels-Smith, J.: Karakterisering af lose jordater. Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse, 1955, ser. IV.3.10. Twiss, P. C. - Suess, E. - Smith, R. N.: Morphological classification of grass phytoliths. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 33(1969) 109-115. MOORE etal. 1991 PERSAITS 2010 PIPERNO 2006 REILLE1992 SERNANDER 1908 SIMMONS 1969 STOCKMARR 1971 SÜMEGI 2001 TWISS et al. 1969 WILLIS 1992 WILLIS 1994 WILLIS 1996 WILLIS et al. 1998 Willis, K. J.: The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece. New Phytologist 121 (1992) 139-155. Willis, K. J.: The vegetational History of the Balkans. Quaternary Science Reviews, 13 (1994) 769-788. Willis, K. J.: The pollen-sedimentological evidence for the beginning of agriculture in southeastern Europe and Anatolia. Porocilo o raziskovanju paleolitika, neolitika in eneolitika v Sloveniji, 22 (1996) 9-24. Willis, K. J. - Sümegi, P. - Braun, M. - Keith, D. B. - Tóth, A.: Prehistoric land degradation in Hungary: who, how and why? Antiquity 72 (1998) 101-113. Gergő Persaits - Pál Sümegi - Tünde Törőcsik The environmental history of Solt-Tételhegy based on pollen and phytolith analyses The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction was principally based on the pollen and phytolith analysis performed by our research team as part of the investigation of the Solt-Tételhegy site. The samples for the palynological analysis were taken from undisturbed geological cores that were extracted from an abandoned meander close to Tételhegy. The samples for the phytolith analysis were collected directly from the archaeological features. The pollen-based environmental reconstruction was successful; we could reconstruct the vegetation changes during the last 4000 years despite the fact that the pollen analysis of abandoned meanders is problematic. On the basis of the pollen sequence, we could reconstruct a significant and continuous human impact on the environment in the research area (Fig. 1), from the Roman Imperial Age to the Migration period. Remarkably enough, the human impact did not diminish during the Migration period, unlike in other areas of the Carpathian Basin. As a result, we could reconstruct a settlement occupied by sizeable farming communities not only during the Roman Imperial Age, but also during the Migration period in the study area. While pollen represents the vegetation of a wider area, the local accumulation of phytoliths, plant silica bodies, offers information on specific places and features. Eighteen prehistoric, Árpádian Age and medieval phytolith samples were analysed (Fig. 2) in order to reconstruct their direct environment based on morphological, colour and dominance data (Fig. 3). The samples from archaeological features contained a few phytoliths only, which can be explained by their redissolution in the loessy soil. Translated by Gergő Persaits 168

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