Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2014 (13. évfolyam)
2014 / 3. szám - NEMZETKÖZI ELMÉLET - Gaál Fanni: A nem állami szereplők hatalma: a ratingügynökségek szerepe a nemzetközi politikában és gazdaságban
Gaál Fanni 49 William Horobin: „Fitch Ratings Downgrades France". The Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj . com/article/SB10001424127887324879504578601841721774164.html. 2013. július 12. 50 „Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council". Official Journal L331, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Le.xUriServlLexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32010R1095:EN:NQT . 2010. december 15. 84-119. o. 51 „List of Registered and Certified CRAs". Európai Értékpapír-piaci Hatóság, http://www.esma.europa . eu/page/List-registered-and-certified-CRAs. Letöltés ideje: 2013. április 6. 52 „ESMA Sets out Its 2013 CRA Work Programme". Európai Értékpapír-piaci Hatóság, http://www.esma . europa.eu/hu/system/files/2013-097.pdf. Letöltés ideje: 2013. április 23. Résumé Rating Agencies - Growing Impact on International Economy and Politics? Are rating agencies to be fully trusted? How far can they extend their power? Are ratings necessary or should we be worried about them? These questions have most certainly been in the focus of attention since the outburst of the economic depression. Rating agencies come, collect information, use their own methods for evaluation, and publish reports. There seems to be no way to fully control them in a centralised way, but is there a way for cooperation? This study aims to find proof of how the agencies, especially the 'Big Three' - Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings - influence international economic and political decisions. To do so, the downgrade of the US national debt in 2011 and the downgrade of the French debt in 2012 are compared along many aspects. These two economies are different in size, but both are of great importance - either from a global aspect, or from the aspect of the European Union. In both cases, domestic political and economic turbulence triggered the downgrade, but had completely different impacts on economic partners and investors. Meanwhile the US seems to be unshakeable, France is surrounded by weakening economies in the EU, providing the country with ever more problems without easy solutions, and making ratings look like an economic and financial risk rather than facts that need to be accepted. 192 Külügyi Szemle
