Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2011 (10. évfolyam)
2011 / 2. szám - AFRIKA - Illés Zoltán: Dél-Szudán - egy független állam létrejötte és kihívásai
Dél-Szudán - a független állam létrejötte és kihívásai 50 A Unity tartománybeli nuer Gatluak Gai, a Jonglei tartománybeli murié David Yauyau, a Felső-Ní- lus tartománybeli shilluk Oliny és az Észak-Bahr al Ghazal tartománybeli Abdel Bagi Ayíi. 51 Carlo Kol, Bol Gatkouth Kol. Mindketten nuerek Unity tartományból. 52 „South Sudan Accuses Bashir of Plot, Suspends Talks". Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-sudan-south-idUSTRE72BlP120110312 , 2011. március 12. 53 Az SPLM-DC-t, azaz a Sudan People's Liberation Movement - Democratic Change pártot 2009-ben alapította Lam Akol, és már a 2010-es választásokon is szerepelt. A párt ma messze a legjelentősebb politikai ellenzéki erő. 54 „Final Communiqué of Southern Sudan Parties Conference on Referendum". http://allafrica.com/stories/201010200127.html , 2010. október 19. 55 The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011. Government of Southern Sudan. 2011. április 20. Résumé South Sudan - birth and challenges of an independent state South Sudan becomes an independent state on July 9, 2011. The people of the new state chose separation from Sudan on the self-determination referendum in January 2011. The right for self determination was granted to the Southern Sudanese as the last milestone and escape route of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the CPA of 2005, that ended a 22 year long civil war and was signed by the main warring parties: the National Congress Party of the North and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/ Army of the South. In an ideal scenario the six years interim period of the CPA would have given enough time to Khartoum to convince the Southerners to vote for unity, however the Southerners voted for secession and started to walk their own way. In July the poorest and least developed new state of Africa emerges. The fledgling government faces extreme challenges: they do not only have to negotiate on the details of the separation with their former enemies, but they need to manage their people's sky high expectations and deliver the basic services throughout the vast area. They also need rule the ethnically diverse country and deal with their armed and political opposition internally. This paper examines the implications of changing the borders of an African state and examines the first steps of South Sudan on the long way of state building to evaluate if it becomes a failed state, a dictatorship or a democracy. 2011. nyár 197
