Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2009 (8. évfolyam)
2009 / 2. szám - OROSZORSZÁG - Bába Iván: A putyini Oroszország bel- és gazdaságpolitikájának kialakulása és főbb elemei
Résumé The Emergence of the Domestic and Economic Policies of Putin's Russia and Their Main Elements The Russian political system was transformed from a Soviet-style regime into one which shows elements of the unique Russian historical development mixed with authoritarian characteristics within ten years. 'Yeltsin's legacy' was not an easy one: the country was on the brink of disintegration in late 1999 and early 2000. The terrorist actions originated by the Chechens threatened the unity of the country, while there were civil war conditions in the Caucasus. Putin's rise was along a war psychosis - which was partly created consciously by the power. By the end of Boris Yeltsin's rule, a crisis in leadership had taken shape, and the President was under increasing pressure by the military-industrial complex to hand power over. Vladimir Putin was an acceptable candidate with his secret service past. It cannot be ruled out that if Yeltsin had not resigned on the eve of 2000, he would have been removed with a coup d'etat. Vladimir Putin stabilized Russia with the assistance of the military complex and the secret service sin a few years. He restored and strengthened the power structure and centralized the country again. He stopped the process of falling apart. He decisively defeated the Chechens. He reduced the flow of money out of the country to a large degree. He forced the oligarchs into submission. Finally, he restored the international respect of the country relying primarily on internal centralization and economic successes. However, the Russian political system became more and more distorted during Putin's second presidency: the excessive centralization pointed towards the emergence o fan authoritarian system. In these circumstances, the results of the Russian parliamentary elections on December 2, 2007 were a foregone conclusion. Because of the composition of the Parliament, the Kremlin does not have any substantial opposition in the lower house; it is only the Communist Party that has a genuine opposition program. The parliamentary elections practically decided the outcome of the presidential election of March 2, 2008. The two elections made it clear that Russia would be led by a political leadership picked by Vladimir Putin. The economic stabilization implemented by Putin looked really impressive at first sight. However, the primary source of this achievement was the production and sale of such raw materials as natural gas and oil. However, the former impressive economic achievements is counterbalanced by the uneven regional development and the lack of modernization in the structure of production. Nevertheless, the internal economic difficulties are likely to force the Russian leadership to pursue a more cooperative policy in international politics. In fact, it is badly needed for both Russia and the West in the current difficult world political situation. 2009. nyár 23
