Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1989 (16. évfolyam)
1989 / 4. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
through the „welfare modell” of capitalism, and there were not built up the self-defence reflexes of capitalism as such. On the other hand an effective correction program should be carried out by a social-democratic party no more having its traditional mass support in such circumstances where already at the outset the social polarisation is much larger compared to the developed capitalist countries. Thirdly, it takes up an opening, adjusting reform step much bigger than in case of the other capitalist countries so that it has no development tradition. A price should be paid for all this. Its undertaking, management provide many lessons for the Hungarian practice as well. János Tisovszky: Agreement on Free Trade between the United States and Canada The agreement on free trade between the United States and Canada means more than simply to „close down” one of the most debated issues in the two hundred years old coexistence. The creation of the North American trade bloc on the one hand fits into the general world economy debate among the supporters of protectionism and free trade, and it also constitutes a part in the battle between bilateralism and multilateralism on the other hand. The paper examines these issues, too, while it also attempts to prove that Washington at the same time considers this agreement as an instrument of lever against its big trade partners, the EC and Japan, by strengthening its own negotiation position in the international trade debates. At the same time the agreement poses an „escape forward” to get ready for the 90-ies, first of all coexistence with the unified European market — namely the latter stimulated both countries to sign the document. In short the paper attempts to find an answer to the question that after such preliminaries the opening in each other’s direction to what extent means a „closing” to the external world — probably namely Canada as member of this North American bloc would possibly become a more attractive partner for other countries. Beyond the external effects of the agreement the paper naturally examines first of all that how, through what debates and fears the countries arrived at the agreement to close down a two centuries old discussion. So the paper provides a short summary on the history of coexistence, but it deals longer with the Trudeau epoch and the Canadian endeavours for independence which paradoxically as the „free trade” agreement itself namely strengthened the dependence at the same time with the obvious aim that though Canada accepts this useful for her neighbourhood, however in exchange this country would like that its interests would be taken into account better by the United States. Boldizsár Nagy: Asylum Seekers — Refugees A distinction should be made between the asylum seekers and the refugees. The decisive majority of persons arriving from Rumania meets the criteria set in the Geneva convention, however it is not possible to exclude a large restrictive convention-interpretation practice according to which less than a quarter of them will become refugees, while the others will remain asylum seekers. The judicial position of the asylum seekers is influenced by four major factors: the place of their stay, the conditions derived from their person, the legal relationship which we examine, and the aims and endeavours of Rumania and Hungary. According to the legal rules concerning asylum seekers those who are escaping over the Hungarian—Rumanian border should not automatically be turned back by force but their claim for refugee status ought to be examined. VIII
