Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1982 (9. évfolyam)
1982 / 1. szám - KÖNYVEKRŐL - Fülöp Mihály: Fransois Mitterand: Itt és most. Beszélgetések Guy Claisse-szel
economies and the world economy do not depend on each other directly: the world political system acts as an intermediary. It must therefore be accorded historical and structural priority vis á vis the world economic system. The early history of the capitalist mode of production clearly demonstrates the active role of aggressive political and military instruments in creating the world economy. Starting around 1800 theoreticians tried to obscure this fact, describing the coming into being of capitalist economies in terms of inner processes alone. There is a trend both within Marxist and bourgeois political science which wishes to demote the theory of international affairs to an aspect, or sub-system, of national politics. This, however, is opposed to Marx’s view, and his description of the capitalist mode of production demonstrates this fact. Examining the national and international levels of capitalist development Lenin reached the conclusion that world politics and the world economy influence national progress with growing intensity, though, as a rule, only indirectly. State action has a decisive role in monopolist industrialisation. It is absurd to interpret economics as independent of politics. The appearance of the relative independence of the capitalist world economy only goes as far back as the middle of the 19th century. State functions once again grew in the age of imperialism, and a start was made on using international institutions to regulate the economy. In this context nation states were no longer able to give effect to their economic endeavours in the old and direct way. The relationship of world politics and the world economy itself became relatively independent of national development, contact being maintained through a complex system of transmissions. The political independence of colonies already began under the old world economic order. The institutionalisation of the world political and world economic systems still finds itself a phase behind the forms of national development, but the degree and rate of institutionalisation now find themselves ahead of the national level for the first time. The dissolution of the colonial system produced the sort of world political order which has made a start on making the new balance of power effective in the world economy. Tibor Palán kai: The new international order in outline (A proposal to use the termsconational relations’) Internationalisation has recently entered a qualitatively new stage, having been extended to every aspect of social life, as well as undergoing far-reaching changes in certain fields. There is nothing new about the internationalisation of the economy, that is as old as capitalism. Following the Second World War International cooperation in science and technology achieved a growing role in economic relations. Capital flow covered a growing area, especially between developed capitalist countries, and an intertwining system of international financial relations took shape. The EEC, CMEA See. were founded and thus the international division of labour fast gained ground, particularly in its regional aspects. The internationalisation of relations and world wide economic processes burst the conventional vessels of international cooperation. Supranational efforts to create a regulatory system in keeping with the high level of economic internationalism and interdependence ran out of steam in the seventies. It became clear that the countries of western Europe were not willing to agree to effective limitations on their sovereignity. A new regulatory system which considerably transcends conventional international institutions is, however, taking shape in order to satisfy the requirements of recent developments in international economic relations. I propose to call this system a conational structure. The modifier conational is meant to point to the need for intensive cooperation between countries, for coordination, collective attitudes and action. Predictably conational systems will be most intensive in relatively homogenous, basically similar zones with interests that can be coordinated, integrations in the first place. Nevertheless I consider it important to treat conational contacts as a system that covers the whole of the world economy. Árpád Prandler: The timeliness of the UN Charter & certain problems of its implementation in international law Respect for the principles and objectives of the UN Charter, implementing its provisions are still as essential to maintaining peace and security and furthering cooperation as they were in 1945. In 1955 the Hungarian People’s Republic undertook to respect the UN Charter. For a quarter of a century now it has systematically urged that these principles and norms be implemented without reservations. The UN Charter has always had a considerable influence on bilateral and multilateral relations between states. The charters of many international organizations, such as the Organization of African Unity, or the Warsaw Treaty, the Helsinki Final Declaration, and many communiqués issued after bilateral talks refer to the UN Charter or parts of it. VII
