Hungarian Studies Newsletter, 1981 (9. évfolyam, 27-30. szám)
1981 / 27-28. szám
i Sports terminology, fashions and cosmetics, food products and drinks have all contributed English loan words, often becoming completely assimilated, for example, dzsem=jam; löncshus=luncheon meat. In home improvement, artistic life, transportation and travel a similar process is at work, and of course, scientific and technical terminology reflects a very wide range of loan words indeed. Business and computer science terminology has made inroads quickly also. Trade names (telex, zerox, teflon) have become adopted as common nouns. Yet, in spite of the influx of loan words from many languages, Hungarian has kept its character intact. The author is at the City College of the CUNY. (EMB) □ Sozan, Michael. “Domestic Husbandry in Socialist Agriculture.” Paper, presented at the 79th meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Washington, D.C. December 1980. Domestic husbandry is defined as “all farming activities by members of an agricultural farm outside the cooperative.” Land used for such purposes is either a ‘household plot’ (háztáji gazdasag) acquired from the cooperative, or land owned or leased from other villagers (kisegítő gazdasag). In Hungary, such activity is lucrative and influential on the restructuring of the rural population. According to R. Andorka, some 5.2 million people, or half of the total population of Hungary live in households possessing such land. Though such land occupies only 14% of the total agricultural land of the country it produces 40% or more of the total agricultural output. Figures for other East European countries show that the Romanian private sector produced 31%, the Soviet 21%, Bulgarian 16%, Czechoslovakian 15%, and East Germany’s 11 % of the total agricultural output in 1974. The author bases his study on statistical sources and on extended field work in the village of Tap, Gyor County. He concludes that the intended goals of the cooperative reform movement, e.g. reducing class differences and class antagonism, have not been achieved. Although collectivization has made impressive gains in overall agricultural output, it also fostered a restructuring of the agricultural population producing a “new agrarian class with a formidable economic power capable of assuming political control. In such eventuality the leadership of the proletariat could be seriously challenged ... Although agriculturalists have been waging a fierce economic battle, their struggle has not spilled beyond their own class. Their strife may be viewed as a form of adaptation to a new system that does not cherish wealthy social classes, but which, for the time being must remain acquiescent about economic inequalities, if it wishes to feed its people adequately.” The author is assoc, prof, of anthropology at Slippery Rock State Coll. □ Vassady, Bela Jr. “The ‘Tochman Affair’: An Incident in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Hungarian Emigration to America.” The Polish Review 25:3-4(1980)12-27. When the first group of emigres of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49 arrived in the United States under the leadership of László' Újházi, it included Appolonia Jagiello, a woman of Polish origin, purportedly an active participant in the fights of KomaVom. She married Gaspar Tochman, a prominent Washingtonian lawyer also of Polish background. Újházi was deposed of his leadership by bickering emigres, left New York for New Buda in the West, and asked Tochman to serve as his representative in Washington. The Tochmans lobbied vigorously for the congressional resolution which liberated Kossuth under American auspices. Miss Jagiello received MEETINGS The AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION held its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., in December 1980. Two sessions were specifically related to Hungary. (1) Marida Hollos (Brown U.) chaired a session on POLICY AND RESPONSE: EAST EUROPEAN SOCIO-ECONOMIC ADAPTATIONS, in which she offered a paper on "Ideology and Economics: Cooperative Organizatin and Attitudes Toward Civilization in Two Hungarian Communities;" and Michael Sozan (Slippery Rock State Coll.) presented a paper on “Domestic Husbandry in Socialist Agriculture.” John Cole (U. of Massachusetts) and Tamás Hofer (Research Institute of Ethnography, HAS) were the discussants. (2) The Meeting of Hungarianists, a group of anthropologists who worked in Hungary or are interested in Hungarian related topics, took place under the chairmanship of Bela C. Maday. Research reports, plans, and technical topics in regard to work in Hungary were presented. Tamas Hofer announced the creation of a Working Commitee for Cultural Anthropology in the HAS. The committee is composed of linguists, archaeologists, orientalists, historians, folklorists, ethnographers, and men of letters. President is Tamás Hofer, and secretary Attila Gergely, a sociologist. As far as we know, this is the first high-level institutional recognition of American-type cultural anthropology as a discipline in Eastern Europe. □ The American Association of Hungarian History sponsored two panels at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies in Philadelphia on November 5-8, 1980. One panel discussed Resistance and Collaboration in Axis Hungary. Chaired by John Lukacs (Chestnut Hill Coll.), it included presentations by István Deák (Columbia U.) on Collaborationists or Resisters? The Hungarian Government and the Army in World War II; Mario Fenyo’s Resistance among Hungarian Intellectuals during World War II; and a paper by Peter Pastor (Montclair St. Coll.) on The Political Emigration: The Hungarian Council in London. Discussant of the papers was Paul Jonas (U. of New Mexico). Imre Kovács, who was to present a paper on the Hungarian underground movement, died shortly before the meeting. The other panel sponsored by the AASHH and (Continued on Page 12) intensive and exaggerated publicity asafreedomfighterfrom the American press, and her marriage to Tochman kept the publicity alive. This irritated the “true” Hungarian immigrants who engaged in a vicious smear attack to discredit them both in the eyes of the president and other government functionaries. The critics were joined by DeAhna, a Bavarian officer, who arrived in New York in the same year. He accused Mrs. Tochman of using a false name (according to the Austrian secret police, her real maiden name was Sarah Schuster) and of false claims to fame. The affair continued after Kossuth’s arrival in the United States and did considerable damage to his public image. Thus, the publicity surrounding the Polish-Hungarian heroine has helped to promote the Hungarian cause, but “it had also contributed to factionalism among the emigres, and had placed Kossuth into a sensitive position from which he could not extricate himself wihtout harm to his political cause. The author is assoc, prof, of history at Elizabethtown Coll. □ NO. 27-28, SPRING, 1981, HUNGARIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER 11
