Hidrológiai Közlöny, 2016 (96. évfolyam)
2016 / 3. szám - HISTORICAL SNAPSHOT - Ligetvári Ferenc: The power of irrigation
Ferenc Ligetvári: The Power of Irrigation 39 Table 1. Production and regional distribution of open-ground olericulture in 2013 (Source: www.fruitveb.hu ) Plant species Total area (ha) Irrigated area (ha) Non- irrigated area (ha) Yield volume (1000 t) Yield volume irrigated (1000 t) Yield volume non- irrigated (1000 t) Production value (min HUF) total Production value (min HUF) Irrigated Production value (min HUF) Non- irrigated Open field paprika 1 100 1 100 0 34 34,0 0,0 4 080 4 080 0 Ground paprika 1 600 1 500 100 12 11.7 0,3 1 800 1 755 45 Open field tomato (industrial) 440 440 0 32,7 32,7 0,0 915 915 0 Watermelon 5 650 4 350 1 300 218.0 195,0 23,0 9 156 8 506 650 Muscat melon 560 560 0 16,8 16,8 0,0 4 805 4 805 0 Cabbage 2 520 1 620 900 45,4 34,6 10,8 3 254 2 554 700 Savoy cabbage 450 400 50 9,8 9,1 0,7 882 832 50 Cauliflower + Broccoli 760 760 0 12,2 12,2 0,0 1 830 1 830 0 Carrot 1 140 1 140 0 50,4 50,4 0,0 2 268 2 268 0 Parsley 1 680 840 840 46,3 28,0 18,3 6019 4 159 1 860 Parsnip 130 100 30 4,3 3,9 0,4 530 515 15 Celeriac 290 150 140 13,5 9,0 4,5 540 355 185 Red beet 290 250 40 11,0 10,0 1,0 418 400 18 Horseradish 1 300 1 000 300 11,0 9,5 1,5 1 320 1 170 150 Asparagus 1 200 500 700 3.8 2,2 1,6 1 710 1 110 600 Onion 2 350 1 600 750 62,0 54,0 8.0 4 464 4 044 420 Garlic 1 200 600 600 7,8 5,3 2,5 3 120 2 420 700 Cucumber for canning 560 560 0 13,0 13,0 0,0 1 222 1 222 0 Green peas 14 890 12 000 2 890 78,0 66,4 11,6 7 500 6 400 1 too Sweet maize 34 000 30 000 4 000 452,0 392,0 60,0 19 436 16 986 2 450 Bean 3 800 2 000 I 800 31,0 25,5 5,5 2015 1 605 410 Other vegetables 1750 1 000 750 24,0 16,5 7,5 2 880 2 320 560 Total: 77 660 62 470 15 190 1 189 1 031,8 157,2 80 164 70 251 9 913 Table 2. Production and regional distribution of pomiculture in 2013 (Source: www.fruitveb.hu ) Plant species Total area (ha) Irrigated (%) Nonirrigated (%) Irrigated (ha) Nonirrigated (ha) Yield volume (1000 t) Total Yield volume (1000 t) Irrigated Yield volume (1000 t) Non- irrigated Production value (min HUF) Total Production value (min HUF) Irrigated Production value (min HUF) Non- irrigated Apple 26 000 25 75 6 500 19 500 585,0 205,0 380,0 44 460 15 580 28 880 Pear 2 500 30 70 750 1 750 36,0 15,0 21,0 3 600 1 500 2 100 Cherry 2 700 25 75 675 2 025 15,0 6,0 9,0 4 500 1 800 2 700 Sour cherry 15 300 15 85 2 295 13 005 66,0 21,0 45,0 16 500 5 250 11 250 Apricot 4 ()()() 30 70 1 200 2 800 23,0 12,0 11,0 5 060 2 640 2 420 Peach 4 100 25 75 1 025 3 075 40.0 16,0 24,0 6 000 2 400 3 600 Plum 7 800 20 80 1 560 6 240 60.0 20,0 40,0 3 600 1 200 2 400 Strawberry 700 95 5 665 35 7,5 7,0 0,5 4 200 3 920 280 Raspberry 400 50 50 200 200 1,3 1,0 0,3 780 600 180 Bramble 300 50 50 150 150 2,0 1,6 0,4 500 400 100 Gooseberry 150 30 70 45 105 1,0 0,5 0,5 250 125 125 Currant 1 400 5 95 70 1 330 7,0 0,5 6,5 980 70 910 Walnut 5 900 10 90 590 5 310 7,8 1,0 6,8 6 630 850 5 780 Elder 4 600 10 90 460 4 140 11,0 3,5 7,5 1 210 385 825 Other fruits 3 500 10 90 350 3 150 23,0 4,0 19,0 1 150 200 950 Total: 79 350 4 11 16 535 62 815 885,6 314 572 99 420 36 920 62 500 Sprouting can be performed in case of plants planted from seeds. In nursery gardens wither of young plants must also be prevented therefore we use freshening irrigation. In recent times the retardation of flowering has appeared cooling the plant in order to postpone the flowering and this way to avoid the frost damages of blossoms in late frosts. In order to achieve continuous assimilate production protection must be ensured against high temperatures also in other phases of the growing period. Liquid fertilisers delivered with the irrigation water helps the acceleration of growth. Its advantage is that it infiltrates to the plant roots along with the water and it is almost fully utilized. Foliar spray fertilizers containing micronutrients can also be delivered with water. The same is true for the chemicals serving pest management. Prior the action the colouring irrigation could be carried out when the conversion of chlorophyll into antho- cyanin is achieved with the cooling effect of water. In case of grapevine the dry period before harvesting is influenced with moistening irrigation to help the formation of Botrytis cineraria promoting the development of noble rot mould on it. We hear little about sand retention irrigation however it is applied widely in our country. The delivery of water causing cohesion could be a solution for the protection of our soils in Mezőség stirred up by windstorms. (The protection against dust-clouds owing to the shallow cultivation of recent years would be important). Frost protection irrigation belongs to the classical irrigations with special purpose. It does an advantageous service after
