Hidrológiai Közlöny 2004 (84. évfolyam)

5-6. szám - XLV. Hidrobilógus Napok „Vizeink hosszú idejű változásai” Tihany, 2003. október 1–3.

Ill leti kérdésekben. A társadalom széles rétegei által is felismert környezeti problémák pedig kimondottan sürgetik a gyakorlati konzervációs és restaurációs megoldásokat. Ezek az igények egy részről rámutatnak a folyókutatás jelenlegi hiányosságaira, másrészről alátámasztják, hogy e téren az alapkutatás jövőbeli intenzitása fokozandó. Ehhez a hazai folyókutatásnak jelentős bővítésre van szüksége mind az intézményi és eszköz háttér fejlesztése, mind pedig a szakemberek utánpótlása területén. Irodalom Hynes, H.B.N. (1970) The ecology of running walers. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. lilies, J. (1961) Versuch einer allgemeinen biozönotischen Gliederung der Fliessgewasser. Int. Rev. Gesampt. Hydrobiol. 46:205-213. lilies, J. & Botosaneanu. L. (1963) Problémes et méthodes de la classification et de la zonation écologique des eaux courantes, considerées surtout du point de vue faunistique. Mill. Int Verein. Limnol. 12:1-57. Junk, W.J., Bayley, P.B. & Sparks, R.E. (1989) The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Can. Spec. Puhl. Fish. Äqual. Sei. 106: 110-127. Puckridge. J.T., Sheldon. F., Walker, K.F. & Boullon, J. (1998) Flow variability and the ecology of large rivers. Mar. Freshwater Res 49:55-72. Scheuring. I, Károlyi, Gy., Péntek. Á . Tél, T. & Toroczkai, Z. (2000) A model for solving the plankton paradox: coexistence in open flows. Freshwater Biology 45:123-132. Schönborn, W. (1992) Fließgewässerbiologie. G. Fischer Verl. 504. pp. Tockner, K., Schiemer, F. & Ward, J. (1998) Conservation by restoration: the management concept for a river-floodplain system on the Danube River in Austria. Aquat. Conserv 8:71-86. Vannote. R.L.. Minshall, G.W.. Cummins. K.W., Sedell, JR. & Cushing, C.E. (1980) The river continuum concept. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sei. 37:130-137. Ward. J. V. & Stanford. J.A. (1983) Serial discontinuity cocept of lotic ecosystems, pp. 29-42. In: Fontaine, T D. & Barteil, S.M. (eds): Dynamics of lotic ecosystems. Ann. Arbor Science Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan Ward. J.y. & Stanford, J.A. (1995) The serial discontinuity concept: extending the model to floodplain rivers. Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 10:159-168. Ward, J. V., Bretschko, G.. Brunke. M.. Danielopol, D., Gibert, J., Gonser, T. & Hildrew, A.G. (1998) The boundaries of river systems: the metazoan perspective. Freshwater Biol. 40:531-569. Ward. J. V., Stanford, J.A & Voelz, N.J. (1994) Spatial distribution patterns of crustacea in the floodplain aquifer of an alluvial river. Hydrobiologia 287:11-17. Ward, J.V., Robinson, C.T. & Tockner. K. (2002) Applicability of ecological theory to riverine ecosystems Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 28:443-450. Wiens, JA. (1992) Ecological flows across landscape boundaries: a conceptual overview, pp. 217-235 In: Hansen, A.J. & DiCastri, F. (eds): Landscape Boundaries: Consequences for Biological Diversity and Ecological Flows. Springer Verlag, New York. Wiens, J.A. (2002) Riverine landscapes: taking landscape ecology into the water. Freshwater Biology 47:501-515. Woodward, G. & Hildrew. A G. (2002) Food web structure in riverine landscapes. Freshwater Biology 47:777-798. Actualities in river ecology Oertel, N. Hungarian Danube Research Station of H.A.S., 2131. Göd, Jávorka S. u. 14. (oer63@ella.hu) Abstract: The synthesis of the results of the long-term empirical and experimental studies contributed to the establishment of the river concepts in the second half of the last century. Present paper focuses on that question: whether these concepts are corresponding to the state-of-the-art of ecology or not? Classification of the environmental gradients resulted in stream zonation concept, recognizing the sequences of communities along the river. That was followed by the river continuum concept, which consider that the river processes are rather continuous than gradual The producer and consumer communities of the given section conform both structurally and functionally to the kinetic energy dissipation pattern of the physical system. The disturbances interrupting the continuum (e.g. fragmentation caused by dams) or the increasing lateral effects on the middle and lower sections of a river set up the discontinuity concepts (serial discontinuity, flood pulse, etc.). The surface and interstitial waters adjacent to the main channel (side arms, backwaters, hyporheic and the interstitial zones) can be considered as integral part of the whole river system. Therefore the significance of the ecotones and the connectivity must emphasize both in the research and the management of the riverine ecosystems. Whereas the pattern of the ecological processes is scale and variable dependent, the deep knowledge on the scale of landscape or catchment is necessary to reveal the real riverine structures and functions, as e g. biodiversity or productivity. Keywords: river concepts, disturbance, ecoton, connectivity, hierarchy, river system boundaries Klossy Irén alkotása