Hidrológiai Közlöny 2002 (82. évfolyam)
3. szám - Havassy András: The seasonal variation of springs in the Tokaj Mountains (A Tokaj-hegységi források évszakos változása)
174 HIDROLÓGIAI K . OZL ONY 2002. 82. ÉVF. 3. SZ . has a higher temperature, like those with southern exposure and lower position. Fig. 3. (3. ábra) Variation of water temperature in examined springs (A vizsgált forrásvizek hőmérsékletének változása) The Csorgó-spring has the most even temperature of the region. In Januaiy, water temperature was 11.7 °C, while air temperature was 4.2 °C. During August water temperature increased only up to 12 °C. The temperature of the water is higher than the annual mean temperature and it is constant. This characteristic is presumably explained that the groundwater moving upward to the spring, indicating higher temperature of the deeper layers. The "bubbling spots" observed in the base of the spring also indicate the upward flow of groundwater. The even and higher temperature can have two explanation: the first is a NNW-SSE orogenic fault, which is characteristical for the region, can conduct water and heat to the spring; the second is can be the clay layer which explain a contact spring feature, with an upward water movement cauáed by hydrostatic pressure. The first explanation supported by the fact that at the area of Király Hill, southeast of the spring, there are several warm air exhalation The temperature of the spring, although only to a small extent, is influenced by the climate, because the slight, 0.3 °C increase in temperature occurred in the summer. The Kádas spring is close to the Csorgó-spring. Signs of ascending current can't be observed there, though temperature data make it probable. Springs of the same surroundings with similar position and discharge (Boncwell, Kocsis-spring), has the least stable temperature (January 4.5 °C, August 11.5 °C, or 16.6 °C), while the Kádas-spring has a temperature-fluctuation of 2.6 °C (January 8.9 °C, August 11.5 °C). Noticeable the almost 9 °C January temperature of this spring with littie discharge! Probably this little surplus heat is what makes the spring a favorable habitat for newts and salamandra. The Bone well (8.9 °C) and Kocsis spring (11.8 °C) has the most variable temperature. Their water can get warmer infiltrating close to the surface, but the additional heatconsuming of the slackened surface water is also possible. The spring waters of the area mostly belong to the calcium- hydrocarbonate- or calcium-sulphate-hydrocarbonate water type The most significant of the seasonal changes in the chemical composition of the spring waters is the reduction of the S0 4 _ concentrate in the beginning of the year, parallel with the rise of HC0 3" concentrate (Figure 4). According to my research this change of character can be detected in the spring waters at the time of the maximum discharge after melting of the snow. Barta, I (1970) detected the same sulphate- hydrocarbonate shift in character during examining surface waters. Summary 1. The majority of the measured springs is downward, only two of them is upward spring. Besides their flow temperature data also illustrate this. 2. The flow of the measured springs is primarily dependant on precipitation, mostly on melting snow. It influences even the Csorgó-spring, that has significant water supply from underneath. Five of the measured springs is qualified as protected because of their discharge. 3. The temperature alteration of the measured downward springs is primarily determined by meteorological circumstances. The temperature is in connection with the amount of water (the temperature of springs with smaller discharge is usually higher) and with the position of the spring (springs with southern position, smaller elevation has higher temperature). The temperature of upwelling springs is constant, its alteration is determined basically by the temperature and amount of the upwelling water, the influence of atmospheric circumstances is insignificant. 4. The subsurface waters of the area belong to the calcium- sulphate- hydrocarbonate, or to the calciumhydrocarbonate water type. The significant differences in chemical composition among the measured springs may refer to differences between individual partial catchment areas. The chemical composition of the subsurface water is changing during the year: the S0 4 — concentrate gets reduced while the HCO3 concentrate is rising. The extent of the alteration may result a change in the chemical type of the water. This alteration can not be observed at springs with water supplies from deeper layers. Acknowledgements I express gratitude towards dr. László Kuli, dr. Nóra Gál and Barbara Kerék for their generous help while I was completing the present thesis. I am also indebted to dr. György Vitális for professional advices after reading my work. Bibliography Barta, I. (1970): íídrogeokémiai vizsgálatok a Tokaji-hegységból. Hidrológiai Közlöny 1970. 6. sz. pp. 244-254 Erhardt, Gy. (1962): A Tokaji-hegység vízföldtani jellemzése In: Schmidt-Eligius R.: Vázlatok és tanulmányok Magyarország vízföldtani atlaszához. MÁFI Alkalmi kiadvány pp. 538-574. Gyarmati, P.- Pentelényi, L. (1973): Magyarázó a Tokaji-hegység földtani térképéhez 25 000-es sorozat Makkoshotyka Budapest 101 p Havassy, A. (2001). Tokaji-hegységi foiTások vizsgálata Hidrológiai Közlöny, 2001/1 47-54 pp. Juhász, J. (1976): Hidrogeológia. Akadémiai Kiadó. Budapest 766 p Kozák, M. - Lakatos, Gy. (1991) Vízi környezetvédelem I Egyetemi Jegyzet KLTE Kiadó, Debrecen. 179 p. Léczfalvy, S. (1965): Vizbeszerzés, vízellátás forrásokból. 182 p. A kézirat beérkezett: 2001. november 15.
