Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974 (54. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Könyvismertetés

Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974. 3—4. sz. 151 The experiences gained with the network programs used in Hungary were remembered in developing at VIZITERV the programme described by P. Lublóy and F. G. Remetey. This programme is suited for investigating existing networks, such to be expanded or new ones, both hydraulically and as regards costs, taking a number of operating conditions into consideration. The number of feed points is virtually unrestricted. The analysis is performed by balancing losses and by correcting successively the discharge assumed initially to flow in the component branches of each loop. The programme offers information also on reservoir fluctuations and contributes thus to the economical design thereof. Two papers have been presented by Dr. I. Ijjas, both dealing with the computerized designing of distribution networks for sprinkler irrigation developments. The application of linear and dynamic programming methods in this field is described. We agree with the author instating that in sprinkler irrigation no general computer programme can be conceived, which could be applied to each case and which would perform automatically the full cycle of the designing process although attention is called to the fact, that such efforts are under way in Hungary as well. In the programmes compiled considerable saving in computation time is attained by the dynamic cycles. Pipe networks are composed of the optimal elements of earlier pipe networks, implying that there is no need for starting the optimization process for each network at the very beginning. Practice thus far has proved the advantages of the programme for determining the optimum trace of main headers in oper-branch networks. This is corroborated in the paper „Experiences in designing sprinkler irrigation sections" by G. Berkes and T. Gál, who emphasize the importance of the fact that when using the aforementioned programs the most economic location of the pumping station is guaranteed, the corresponding network has the optimum diameter and pattern so that costs are lowest. In the case of greater areas of irrigation sections the departure from optimal cost may be considerable. F. G. Remetey in his paper „Computerized processing of survey data in designing water projects" describes the computerized processing of field survey data. For the automated computation of large numbers of detail points, most frequently encountered in water surveying practice, a series of computer programmes has been compiled at VIZITERV, by which complex surveys can be processed continuously. The application of the finite-element method for designing hydrotechnical structures is described by Miss E. Zajthay. The example presented in the paper was checked with the help of a photoelastic model and revealed that the finite-element method can be fitted well into the process of designing. The program developed for two-dimensional stress conditions is suited to the analysis of walls perforated by openings, retaining walls, earth embankments and levees. New trends in the design of water projects By L. K O R N Y E I, Civ. Engr. VIZITERV, Budapest In the present general report 23 papers will be reviewed. Each of the papers deals with fundamental problems, affecting the design and planning of water management projects. The papers submitted to the conference can be grouped around the following subjects: 1. Foundation and preparatory work. 2. Water supply, drinking water treatment. 3. Wastewater treatment, sewerage, utilization of liquid manure. 4. Irrigation, drainage. 5. Corrosion control. 6. Planning and designing water, projects in the developing countries. H. Herzog, in his paper on the effect of foundation layer deformations on the design of river barrages. describes the experiences gained during the construction of the structures of the Kisköre Barrage on the Tisza River. The deformation behaviour of the foundation layers depends besides quality, also on their condition. In this respect the young, loose sediments — fine-grained and cohesive soils — are of significance, which underwent no. or but slight preconsolidation during their geological history. Layers of this type, assuming great thicknesses are characteristic for the major alluvial valleys in Hungary. When excavating the large and deep construction nits for river barrages, the layers below the bottom of the pit are relieved of the overburden load and exnand as a consequence. Here the elastic expansion of the layers and swelling in the wake of water absorption nlay the decisive roles. The absolute elevation of the completed substructure will depend, besides the differential stresses induced, also on the rate and timing of construction. To illustrate the order of magnitude of these movements it may be of interest to note that at the Kisköre Barrage, in the different stages of construction the total heave reached 5 cm. whereas total settlement approximated 10 cm. F. Papp, in his paper deals with the field tests on levee underseepage, which formed part of the hydrogeological preparatory work for the Kisköre Barrage. The objective of these tests was to afford data designing the seepage interception system along the impoundment reservoir, so that no detriment should be caused by impoundmet in the adjacent areas. In 1967 and 1968 a field test was carried out in the rive bend at Aranyos, using an experimental basin of round 60 ha magnitude, in which levels corresponding to the retention levels in the reservoir were realized. Along the levee 7 different type of drains were builtThe experimental basin was operated continuously and the year-long record of data was processed. Be sides practical data, also such of theoretical interest were obtained. In his paper Dr. S. Léczfalvy deals with the problems encountered in designing waterworks drawing on subsurface supplies. In planning water works systems two principles are considered essential, namely those of development in stages and of reliability. Stage-wise construction is considered from the viewpoint of investment scheduling, while reability from that of failure in the pipeline conveying water from the source to the points of demand, and in the case of supply from wells from the side of potential quality problems. The paper deals further with the diverse well patterns and with mine drainage problems. In his paper Mr. R. Heyden calls attention to the potential uses of large-diameter asbestos-cement pipes. After 1967 several thousands of kilometres have been built in Austria of asbestos-cement pipes ranging from 1000 to 2150 mm in diameter. Work of outstanding quality, even in pipe laying, is emphasized as the essential criterion of breakdown free operation. Shapes and joints are embedded into concrete as a corrosion control measure. More recently asbestos cement pipes have been used for lacking in hydraulic pipe laying. This method assumes