Hidrológiai Közlöny 1971 (51. évfolyam)

1. szám - Dr. Bolberitz Károly: Természetes vizekben előforduló mikroszennyező anyagok fajtái és hatásai

32 Hidrológiai Közlöny 1971. 1. sz. Special Conference Number, Szebellédy, L. and the path by which it entered the water is immaterial, the only relevant criterion being that of elimination. Considering under this aspect the micro-pollu­tants of major interest in these days, together with their origin and effects, the folloiving classification appears permissible (Table 1). As will be seen from the share compilation, in­dustry, agriculture, transportation and the popula­tion about equally the responsibility for creating wastes. However, there exist essential differences in the appearance of these wastes and the damages caused by them. The compilation does not claim to be complete, no more than the most frequently ocurring pollu­tants l^eing represented there. Concerning the fu­ture, the picture is even less complete, especially if the chemical industry continues to surprise the World from year-to year with new highlv effective substances. Efforts for controlling micro-pollution have been started years ago, and in certain fields, e.g. the banning of somé synthetic detergents, it was indeed successful. Research is being conducted in other fields as well, in somé they are promising, but it must be admitted that the processes are not fully understood. For this reason, every opportu­nity is necessarily welcome, where experts of water management may extencl their relevant know­ledge by obtaining familiaritv with recent advances of research. Research associated with micro-pollution is con­ducted in several directions. Reviewing these the papers submitted can be grouped according to the following classification: 1. Investigations into the harmful consequences and effects of micro-pollutants, including toxico­logical studies and harmful effects on water, 2. analytical methods for determining and meas­Table 1. Adverse effect Pollutant Origin Way of entrance toxic ions Cd 2 +, Pb 2 +, Hg 2 + , CN", As 3 + , Cr0 4 2­industry, agriculture wastes groundwater. radiation disease l radioactive nucleides nuclear power, war in­dustry, laboratories, medical institutions wastes, rainwater cancerogeneous subs­tances tar, bitumen, 3,4-benzpirene and related compounds industry, transporta­tion wastes, rainwater taste-, odour substances phenoles, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, surface active mate­rials, etc. industry, transporta­tion and consuming society wastes, sewage, rain­water subst. preventing self­purification oil, chemical control antibiotics, herbicides and pesticides transportation, agri­culture, industry groundwater, rain­water, industrial wastes eutrophicating subst. phosphates, fertilizers industry, agriculture, population wastes, groundwater, rainwater intentional pollution water treatment (flocculation, fluo­rine), chemical weed control in water, dissolving from materials in contact with water direct uring micro-pollution, including the problems relat ed to sampling and the interpretation and evalua­tion of observation results, 3. practical observations and measurements, survey work, aiming at the determination of the occurrence and extent of micro- pollutants in a particular area or period. Although these do not belong under the heading of theoretical research, yet they yield valuable information, on actual conditions, 4. research aiming at the removal of unwanted micro-pollutants and the testing of methods sug­gested for this purpose. Of the papers submitted to this Conference, three are devoted to the first group of questions. An inclusive picture is presented by Professor Berencsy on the sanitary significance of micro­pollution, defining the position of the problem of micro-pollution in sanitation science. The environ­mental factors detrimental to the humán organism are classified into three groups, namely 1. live pathogenics, 2. physical (mechanical) pathogenics and 3. chemical pathogenics. Micro-pollutants be­long to this latter class. Whereas the infection­epidemic diseases belonging to group 1 are becom­ing increasingly insignificant, the chemical patho­genics classified into group 3 gain in significance and tend to become predominant. The acute, semi-acute and chronic categories of toxicosis known so far have been extended by these chemical substances and include now a new group, namely that of "maskcd toxicosis". The first clinical symptoms of these toxicoses become apparent after a long latent period only, which may rangé from a few months to a few years. Cancero­geneous substances display similarly extreme pro­perties, the latent period may last for decades and it may even be ascertained that no trace of cancero­geneous substance must be neglected if it has

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