Hidrológiai Közlöny 1961 (41. évfolyam)

1. szám - Fekete András–Lipták Ferenc: Palástos vízadagoló laboratóriumi vizsgálata

Laczkó A.—Starosolszky ö.: A palástos vízadagoló Hidrológiai Közlöny 1961. 1. sz. 15 IRODALOM 1. Oroszlány István : A vízelosztás automatizálása öntözőrendszerekben. Hidrológiai Közlöny, 1955. 7—8. 2. Re, M. R. : Les études des réseaux d'irrigation. Annales de l'Institut Teclrnique du Batiment et des Travaux Public. 1951. N° 208. 3. Réalisation NEYRPIC dans le domaine de l'irri­gation. R. 1580. 4. The distribution of water in irrigation networks with the help of NEYRPIC equipment. NEYRPIC, Orenoble, 1951. J1ABOPATOPHOE HCCJIE^OBAHHE KOJKYXO­BOrO PACnPEflEJIHTEJlfl BOflbl A. Oeueme u <t>. JlunmaK y OpOCHTejIbHblX CHCTeM OAHOH H3 CaMblX TpyflHblX 3aflan ajih SKcnjiyaTaiiHOHHbix opraHOB b BeHrpHH hbjih­<;tch npaBHJibHoe pacnpeaejieHHe 0p0CHTejibH0H boám. PacTeHiieBOACTBOM, npaBHjibHbiM iicn0Jib30B3HHeM opo­chtcjihoh boám h KajieH«apHbiM rpa<j)HKOM OTAejibHbix OTAejieHHfí noTpeöyeTCH, mto KawAbiíi norpeÖHTejib no­jiynHJi cbok) noTpeŐHOCTb b BOAe tomho no ero njiaHy BO«onojib30BaHHH. ÍIjih 3Toro HywcHO nocTpoHTb b opo-' CHTejibHbix KaHajiax TaKHe coopyweHHíi, K0T0pbie npa­BHJibHO pacnpeAenHioT >KeJiaeMbiíí pacxoA boám. B 3arpaHHHHott npaKTHKe niw sthx Ltejieíl xopomo onpaBAajiH ce6íi T. H. KOwyxoBbie pacnpeAenHTejin ({pue. 1.). HayiHO-HccjieAOBaTejibcíaiH HHcraryT BOA­Horo Xo3aíícTBa ajih 0AH0r0 H3 opocuTejibHbix KaúajiOB 3anpoeKTnpoBan h nocTpoHji KO>KyxoBbifi pacnpeAejiH­Tejib BOAbi Ha ocHOBaHHii npiiHiuina pacnpeAejiHTeJia, peKOMeHAyeMoro (j>paHuy3K0íí cjjiipMOÍi Neyrpic. Oah3ko flJIH Hac He ÖblJIH H3BeCTHbI TOMHbie pa3MepbI 3Toro coopywcHHH. llpoBOAHJiocb HccjieAOBaHHe tomhocth no­CTpoeHHoro coopy>KeHHH b jiaöoparopHH Ka(J)eApbi rHApo­TexHHKH h MejiHopaiíHH. Ha 0uz. 2. noKa3aH npoeKT MOAejiH OAHoro OTBepcTiiH rojiOBHoro coopyweHHH c MacuiTaSoM 1 : 2,5. 0(|)opMJieHMe nepenaAa h KO>Kyxa n0Ka3aH0 Ha cpomo 1. u 3. MccjieAOBaHiiji np0B0AH.nncb npw abvx MaciiiTaöax. Ha MOAejiH c MacniTaöoM 1 : 2,5 nocTpoHJW oaho imipoKoe OTBepcTne ronoBHoro coopyHcemiji h HCCJieA0Ba.n0Cb BjTHHHHe cMemeHHH OTKOca BepxHero h HH>KHero 6i>e(})a AOHHoro nopora h KO»vxa b CTopoHy BepxHero 6T>et{)a. Jlo Tex nop, noxa ypoBeHb HH>KHero 6T>e(J)a He HMeeT noAnopHoro AeftcTBHfl Ha BepxHHÍi Siei}), pacxoA BOAbi 33BIICHT TOJlbKO 0T T0pH30HTa BOAbi B BepXHeM öT.e(j)e. Ecjih ypoBeHb Hti>KHero öieijja npeBbiuiaeT rpa­HHMHy 10 BejIHMHHy nOAnOpa, TO COOTBCTCTBCHHO 3T0My npeBbimeHHK) vi ypoBeHb boám b BepXHeM Bietjje riOBbi­maeTCH. KpHBbie pacxoAoa n30öpa>KeHbi na <puz. 3—6', a noAnop HHWHero ő-be(})3 (t. h. KpHBbie bjihhhhh rio Lamoen) noKa3aH Ha $uz. 7—12. 33BHCHM0CTb Me>KAy BejIHHHHOM nOTepH H r0pil30HT0M BepXHerO H HH>KHerO €ÍT.e(j)a noi<a3aHa Ha ipuz. 13. u 14. Bo3HHKaiomHe noTepn h b cjiyMae pacxoAa Q, riponyineHHOro Mepe3 pacnpeAe­jniTejiH BOAbi, paBHbi pa3HHue MewAy ypobhhmh Bepx­Hero hf h Hii>KHero h a 6T>etJ)0B. BejiHMHHbi 3aBHCHM0C­Teíí h = f (h a) h h = f (hj) HaxOAflTCH BAOJib AByx nepe­ceKawmHxcji 6jih3ko npjiMbix jihhhh, Tonna nepeceMeHHíi KOTOpbIX SlBJIHeTCH MHHHMYMOM 33BHCHM0CTH. Ha ocHOBaHHH pe3yjibTaT0B H3MepeHnií Ha eAHH­CTBeHHOM rpa<))HKe (<pm. 15.) H3o6pa3HjiH KpHByio pac­xoAa pacnpeAejiHTejiíi BOAU c yMeTOM BUHHHHH ypoBHH b Hii>KHeM 6T>e())e. Uejibio nocTpoeHHH ({iHrypbi >iBJiHJiocb, MToöbi nojiy­MHTb ncxoAHbie AaHHbie ajih pewHMa paöoTbi h tomhocth npHMeHen»!ji KO>KyxoBoro pacnpeAeJiHTejm. Ha MOAejni c MacujTaöoM 1 : 3,3 nocTpoHJin 5 ot­BepcTHfi, pacnojiaraiomHXCH phaom Apvr c ApvroM b iojiobhom coopyweHiiH (ifiomo 2. u 4.). 3Aecb np0B0­AHJlHCb IlCCJieAOBaHHH B3aHM0AeflCTBHH OTBepCTHÍi H bjihhhhíi nojio>KeHHH mHTa pery^HTopoB Ha pacxoA BOAbi, AaJiee npoBeAem.i rnApaujiimecKne HaSjiioAeHHH. Ha <pue. 16. npHBeACHbi rpii icpiiBbie pacxoAOB, a na (fim. 17. TpH KpHBbie no/tfiona nnn n3o6pa>KeHnH acíí­CTBHH UIHTOBblX 33KpbITHH. Ha tfllll. IS. U 19. n0Ka33H » niApaBjiHMecKHií pe>KHM hjih 4—4 cjiyiaeB c pa3HbiiMH OTKpbITHHMH OTBepCTHH. Ha OcHOBaHHH npoBeAeHHbix HccjieAOBaHHíí mo>kho Ae^arb cjieAyiomHe BMBOAH : BepxHHíí otkoc AOHHoro nopora üomth hc bjihhct Ha pacxoA, a H3MeHeHne HH>KHero OTKOca (co CTopoHbi HH>KHero Ó-beiJja) y>Ke BJieneT 3a coöoií cymecTBeHHoe pacxo>KAeHHe. BbicoTHoe nojiojKeHne peryjiHTopoB npH OTAejibHbix OTBepcTHHx HMeeT 6ojibuioro bjxhsihhíi Ha BeuHMiiHy pac­xoAa h noTepH, n03T0My eiht peryjiHTopa aojiwch no«­HHMaTbCH BcerAa Ha OAHHaKOByro BbicoTy, huh hywho yAanHTb coBceM. noAnop HHWHero ÖT,e(J)a hbao HCKJiioHHTb 6e3­ycji0BH0, TaK Kan b cjiyqae noAnopa Hejib3H Aocraib yAO­BJieTBOpHTejlbHOÜ TOMHOCTH A3>Ke TipH nOCTOHHHOM ypoBHe BepxHero 6t.e<J)a. nocKOJibi<y peryjiHpOBaHHe ypoBHH b BepxHeM Siette oöecneMHBaeTCH b tojiobhom coopy>KeHHH b npe­Aenax ±5 cm h hhwhhm 6-be<j)0M He noAnHpaeTCH Bepx­hhh öieiJ), TOMHOCTb pacnpeAejiHTe^H boah 6yAeT ±5%. OuiHÖKa no iiOAane boah, npoHcxoAflmaíi H3 B3anM0­AcHctbhh pa3Hbix OTBepcTnü, TO>«e HaxoAHTcji b npe­Aejiax ±5%. YCAOBHe HCKJUOTeHHH ÖOAnOpHOrO AeííCTBHH HH>K­Hero S-beiJta Ha BepxHHÜ 6i>e(}) 03HaiaeT, mto pa3HHua b tojiobhom coopyweHHH Mewfly ypoBHHMH BepxHero h HH>KHero 6T.e({)0B 6yAeT 40—60 cm (ecuH coopyweHHe 3anpoeKTiipoB3HO Ha nponycK 50 ji/am). Laboralory Testing of Mantle-Type Waier Dispensers By A. Fekete and F. Lipták One of the most difficult tasks of irrigation mana­gement is the correct distribution of irrigation water. Plánt growing, the full utihzation of irrigation water and the Schedule of individual units of operation alike require that their water demand should be satisfied aeeurately according to the water utilization plan. Struetures suitahle for dispensing the desired water quantity should therefore be installed into the irrigation eanals. Favourable experiences have been gained abroad with the so-called mantle-type water dispenser (Fig. 1). Based on the prineiple of the mantle-type dispenser suggested by the Freneh Neyrpic firm, but without the knowledge of actual dimensions a mantle-type water dispensing structure has been designed and eonstructed in one of the irrigation eanals by the Re­search Institute for Water Resources. Aeeuracy tests have been carried out for this structure at the Labora­tory of the Chair I for Hydraulics. Plans for a model to scale 1 : 2,5 of one opening of the prototype are shown in Fig. 2, while the arrangement of the bottom sill and of the mantle can be seen in Illus­trations 1 and 3. Two scales have been used for these investigations. One of the wide openings has been reproduced in the model to scale 1 : 2,5 and effects of the slope of the upstream and downstream sides of the bottom sill, further those of shifting the mantle upstream have been investigated. As long as the tailwater is sufficiently low to exert no effect on the headwater, the discharge is governed solely by the elevation of the latter. As soon as the tailwater surface rises to the limit at which backwater effects appear in the headwater, any rise in the tailwater is accompanied by one of the head­water level. Rating curves for various alternatives and the backwater effect of the downstream water level (the so-called Lamoen influence curves) are shown in Figs. 3 to 6, and Figs. 7 to 12, respectively. The relationship between the head loss and the elevation of the tailwater, respectively headwater level is illus­trated in Figs. 13 and 14. The head loss h occurring at a discharge Q through the dispenser is the difference between the headwater level hf and the tailwater level ha- Values of the functions h — f(ha) and h = f(hf) lie along two ntersecting, approximately straight

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