Hidrológiai Közlöny 1954 (34. évfolyam)

7-8. szám - Kivonatok

/ 365 Hidrológiai Közlöny. T34. évf. 1954. 7—8. sz. Kivonatok KIVONATOK PE3H3ME — RÉSUMÉ — BRIEF SUMMAIRES — RIASSUNTI — KURZEAUSZÜGE CMCTEMATHKA HCTOMHHKOB OepeHK 11 a n CHCTEMATHKA HCTOMHHKOB, HCxoAnmaH H3 reojiorn­'leCKOH OCHOBbI, ripHHHMaeT BO BHHMaHHe COOÖpaweHIIH Taione K. TaHa, C. nana, KeiíJixaKa h Jl. BjiacKBe. Baw­neHuiHe ^AHHBIE no HCTOMHHK3M AAIOTCJI c pa36nBKOii na rnecTb OTAejibHbix rpynn (TaöJi. 1 — VI B BeHrepcKOM Tei<­CTe). M3 nepBOü rpynnbi BbmBJiHeTCH, MTO H3 Hanoii HMCHHO nopoflbi npopbiBaeTCH HCTOMHIIK. MCTOMHHKH, npopbmaio­mecH H3 apynTHBHbix nopoA, o6o3HaMaioTCH mi(})paMii 11 — 20. HanpiiMep, untJipOH ,,15" 0603Haiai0TCfl npoMne HHTpy3HBHbie, a micfipoíi — „20" npoMne H3BepwceiiHbie apynTHBHbie nopoAH. Ilpe06pa30BaBiiinecji nopoAbi o6o3Ha­MSIOTCH UHtJtpaMti 21—30. Hanpiiiviep, umfpoií „22" 0603­HaMaeTca CAIOAHHOH cjiáHeu, „23" — rjiHHHCTbiü uimfep, „24" — xjiopuTHbiH uimjiep, „27" — Mpaiwop, „29" — KBap­UHTHbiii uinijiep, „30" — npoMne KpHCTajuiimecKHe BHAH iuii(|)epa. CeAHMeHTapHbie nopoAH oöo3na<jaioTCfl iiiKfipa.Mn 31 — 69. „31" — pHOnuTHbiíí TV(J), „32" — TpaxiiTHbiü Ty<j), „33" — aHflé3HTHHö Ty({), „34" — 6a3aJibTHbiM Ty<}). HenjiOT­Hbie oöJioMoiHbie ceAHMeHTapHbie nopo«bi o6o3HaiaioTCH Un<j>paMn 41—50. TaK, nanpiraep, rpaBiiü ü603naMacTCH mi^poü „42", KpynH03epmiCTbiíí necon — „43", TOHKHH necoK — „44", rjinHa — „46", necMamw — „48". npe­AejibHbie 3HaMCHíiH XHMMCCKHX ocaAKOB, EÍUACJIHBUIHXCH H3 CBH3AHHBIX pacTBopoB, naxoAfiTCH B npeAejiax 51—59. „51" — KpynH03epHHCTbIH nOpHCTblií H3BeCTHflK, „52" — njiOTHbiü H3BCCTHHK, „53" — AOAOMHT, „56" — Meprejib. npeAejibHbie 3naMcnnH CCAHMCHTOB oprammecKoro nponc­xcoKAemiH — 61 — 69. 2 <J)aKTopa nepBoií rpynnbi onpeAejia­K)T xapaKTep npopbma BOAH. TaKHM 06pa30M npeaeAbHbie 3naMennH njiacTBHx HCTOMHHKOB ÖYAVT 11—27. KpbITblX njiaCTOBblX HCTOHHHKOB — 11 —17, a OTKpbiTbix njiacTOBbix HCTOMHHKOB — 21—27. Tan, Hanpwwep, „11" — HCTOMHIIK, npopbiBaioimifica Ha rpanHne KpbiTbix BOAOBOAHbix 11 B0A03annpaicmHX njiacTOB, „14" — BOAOCJIHBHOH HCTOMHHK, „15" — nepenaAHOíí HCTOM­HIIK, „16" — HCTOMHIIK, oőpa3yKnnniícH BCJieACTBue CYWEHIW ceMemifl BOAOHOCHoro njiacra, „17" — HCTOMHIIK C noAno­poM. riGCKOJibKy HaA BOAOHOCHHM njiacTOM HET B0A03anop­Horo nnacTa, TORAA nepBan mi(j)pa SYAET ABOHKOH, a BTopan 6yAÉT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb njiaCTOBOMy HCTOMHHKy. TaK, Ha­npHMep, „22" — HCTOMHHK, npopblBaiClUHHCH 113 OTKpbITblX OÖAOMKOB. • Bo BTopoü rpynne nepBbiii (FIAKTOP YKA3HBAET MCCTO npopbiBa HCTOMHIIKA, a HMCHHO: „1" — öacceiíH, „2" — AO­JIHH3, „3" — CKJIOH, „4" — BepuiHHa B03Bb!UjeHH0CTH, nopOAbi ropnoro xpeöTa. BTopoíí (JiaKrop vKaabieaeT HanpaB­JIEHHE npopbiBa HCTOMHHK3, a HMCHHO: C— 1, CB—2, B—3, KDB-4, IO-5, K)3-6, 3-7, C3-8. MacroTa AAET NPEACTABAEHHE o KOJIIIMCCTBC HCTOMHHKOB HA njioiuaAH Kpyra paAHVCOM B 1 KM, onneaHiioro BOKpyr HCTOMHHIO. TaKHM 0fpa30M, ecjin Ha njiomaflH Kpyra paAiiycoM 1 KM ripopweacTCfl 1 — 2 iiCTOMHHKa, TO AAETCH un<fpa 1, COOTBCT­CTBCHHO, ecjin 3—4 umj-pa 2, 5—6 un^pa 3, 7—9 MI^pa 4, 9-10 UHifpa 5, 11-12 un$pa 6, 13—15 umj-pa 7, 16-20 UHiJ-pa 8, a CAvMae, ecjin rpopbiBaeTca 6ojiee 20 HCTOMHHKOB, TO 6epeTCH umjjpa 9. B TpeTeíí ipynne CBCACHH AaHHbie o pacxoAe BOAH. UH^POÍÍ ,,1" 0f03HaMaeTCH HCTOMHIIK C nocTOHHHbiM pacxo­AOM, m«f;poH „2" — c nepnoAHMecKHM pacxoAOM, a umjipoií „3" — c noBpeiMCHHbiM pacxoAOM. BTopoií (J:aKTop o6o3Ha­MaeT onpeAeAepHoe ouenK0ii 3naMeHiie MiiHHMajibHoro yCTOHMimoro pacxoAa. TpeTiiíí (faKTop npeACTaBJifleT coGott HHACKC H3AOKK0CTH KeCJiepa, K0T0pb!ÍÍ SBJIÍieTCH MaCTHblM MaKCHMaAbHoro H MiiHHMajibHoro pacxoAOB. Lli-(fpa „6" o6o3HaMaeT, MTO HHACKC H3AC>KHOCTH KaxoAiiTCH B npeAejiax 1—3 H cooTBeTCTByeT oueHKe „orjiiiMHafl", uuijipa „5" — B npeAejiax 3—5 „OMepb xoprmas", urdra „4" — 5,1 — 10,0 „xopcmaji", uiiij-pa „3" — 10,1—20,0 ,,yMepen­Haíi", UFifpa „2" — 20,1 —100 „nAOxas", un^pa „1" — Gojiee 100 „OMenb njioxaíi". MeTBepTan rpynna AaeT cBe­AEHHH 0 <flH3HMeCK0M COCTOFIHHH HCT0MHHK3. IlepBblH (JiaKTOp AaeT TeMnepaTypy HCTOMHiiKa B rpaAycax IfejibcíiH AűyMji UHiJipaMH, ecjiii MHCAO HBJIHCTCH 0AH03HaMHbiM, TOi'Aa nepeA HHM CTaBIITCH HOJIb „0". CJLÍAVLOULUM (jiaKTOpOM AaeTCH KO-neoamie TeMnepaTypbi B °C. Tpe-riiil (|)aKT()p AaeT CBCAGHHH o 3HaMemiHx eAHHimbi Maxa, BbipanoiomHX paAHoaKTHB­HOCTb. ULI({)pOH „1" 0603naMatTC>[ paAIIOaKTHBHOCTb MeHee 1, miijipoH „2" — B npeAe^ax 1 — 3, micjipoH „3" — B npe­Aejiax 3— 10 "(cpeAHflfl paAHOaKTHBHOCTb), UHlJipOH „4" — B npeAe^ax 10—30 (ciuibHaíi paAHOaKTHBHOCTb), mi4)pofi „5" — Bbiuie 30 (oieHb ciiAbnaíi paAHOaKTHBHOCTb). B nnTOíi rpynne iipiiBOAOTca CBeAeHiiH no xiiMHMecKHM CBOHCTBaM BOAH. ílepBbiii cjiain'op AAET 3HaMeHiie McecTKOcni, HO B 3TO >Ke NPEMH cjieAveT YMHTHBATB II TO, MTO BOAS FLBAJIETCH He­naci.nneHHOií (1—5), HAH >i<e HacbimeiiHoii ra30M (6—10). JJo 5 HCM. rpaA. wecTKOCTii — „1", a npn iiacbimeHHOCTH ra30M — „6", AO 10 neM. rpaA. >KCCTKOCTH — „2", a npn. HacbimeHHOCTii ra30M — „7", AO 20 HEM. rpan. JKECKOCRN — „3", a npn HacbimeHHOCTH ra30M — „8", AO 30 HCM. rpaA­wecTKOCTH — „4", a npn HacbimeHHOcrn ra30M — „9", Bbinie 30 HeM. rpaA, wcecTKOeni — „5", a npn HacbimeHHOCTH ra30M — „10". A no Sojiee TOMHOMy cocTaBy „1" — yrjie­KNCAAN, „2" — MEJIOMHAA, „3" — 3EMEABH0-II3BECTK0BAÍI, „4" — xjiopiicraH, „5" — ropbKan, „6" — >KeAe3HCTaH, „7" — cepHiicraH, „8" — HOAHCTO = BpoMiicraH, „9" — paAHÜHaa. UlecraM rpynna AaHbix AaeT npeACTaBAeHne o reorpat{)iiMecKOM n0A0>KeHHH. B KaMecTBe nepBoro (JiaicTopa AaeTca reorpa^nMecKan AOAroTa, a B KAMECTBE BToporo — reorpaijiiiMecKaJi unipoTa, KOTOpbie yKa3biBai0TCH B rpaAycax n MHHyTax. TpeTHM (J)aKT0p0M AaHHbix no 3TOH rpynne CAyHCHT BbicoTa HaA ypoBiieM Mopn. TaK, HanpnMep, AJIH ncTOMiiHKa öaAbHeoAoruMecKiix Baiiii TejiepT (rpynna HCTOMHHKOB M. I) Aaimne ÖVAVT BbirAHACTb c.neAyiomuM 0Bpa30M : 53.64 - 2.0.9 - 1.1.0'.5 - 46.01.4 - 3.3 - 1.47°30' 3.19 06' .0101. 3K0H0MHMECKM BbirOJIHblfl PACMET KPynHblX KAHAJ10B Pl o >K e ({i lOxac H flaji KapKyui B CAyMae TaKiix ncKyccTBeuHbix coopyweHHH, y KOTO­pbix 3HamiTejibHan MacTb CTpoiiTeAbHbix pacx0A0B cocraBJi­fier pacxoAH no CTpoiiTCJibCTuy KpynHbix AepiiBamiouHbix K3H3A0B, AepiiBamiOHHbie KaHajibi uejiec006pa3H0 oifopM­AFLTB nanBbiroAiieiimiiM o6pa30M COOTBCTCTBCHHO MCCTHHM yCJIOBHHM. Pa3MepH CEMEHHH KpynHbix KAHAAOB H, B. OCOSCHHOCTH, HX RJIYÖHHA ÍIBAHIOTCH Booöme ASHHHMH B HeSoAbiuiix npeAe^ax, H onpeAejisiioTCH KOJIHMCCTBOM nponyCKaeMoü BOAbI, pe>KHMOM paŐOTbl, B CJlyM3e CyAOXOAHblX KSHaJIOB TpeGyiomeficíi cyAoxoAnoíí rAyBiiHOü H, HSKOHCU, MOIIJ­HOCTbK) HMeiomiixcH B pacnopíi>KeHHii 3eMAeMepnaA0K. CAeAOBaTejibHO, SKOHOMimecKaH Bbir0AH0CTb peiueHHH 3aBH­CIÍT OT npaBrjibHOCTii TpaccHpOB3HHH Kanada B nji3He. IlepBbiM niai'OM, npiiHiiMasi p33JinMiibie 3iia<ieHHH yKJiona, onpeAeAfieTca MOuiHOCTb KanaJia npn ASHHOM 3H3MemiH YKAOHA, HAH >Ke — YAEABNAH peiiTa6eAbH0CTb KA­H3Aa (puc. 3). 3aTeM onpeAeAíiwTca pscxoAbi no CTopiiTeAb­CTBy noroHHOro Meipa AepHBamionHoro KaHaAa B (JiyHKUHH pa3H0CTH BbicoTbi ypoBHH BOAH B AepiiBaunOHHOM KanaJie II ypOBHÍI MeCTHOCTH (piIC. 4 H 5). BTOpbIM UiaTOM HapSAy c pa3JiiiMHbiMH 3H3MeHiiHMn yAeAbHOH peHTafieAbnocTH onpe­AEJIHIOTCH yAeJibHbie pacxoAH AepuBauHOiiHoro Kanajia B 33BHCHM0CTH BblpaCaTblBaeMOH npn pa3AHMHbIX 3H3MeHHÍIX yKAOwa SHepniH, npiiweH^H B KaMecTBe napsMeTps pa3­HOCTb ypOBHfl BOAbI H BblCOTbl ypOBHÍI MeCTHOCTH II HMeiO­mneCH 3H3MeHIIH CKOpOCTH (puc. 6). Il0AbICKHB3« no KpHBbIM paCXOAOB B 33BHCIIMOCTH P33H0CTH y pOBHH BOAbI H ypOBHJI MCCTHOCTH paSAHMHbie 3HaMeHitfl CKOpOCTH (pnc. 4 H 5), no KpiiBOii 6 B03MO>KHO H3HTH SaBHCHMOCTb MOKAV' yAeAbHbIM paCXOAOM I! CKOpOCTbK) B napaMeTpe P33HOCTH BHCOT ypoBHJi BOAH H ypoBHíi MecT­HOCTH (puc. 7). OnTIIMSJIbHHe 3H3MCHIIH KpiIBblX AaiOT 3H3MCHHfl Heo6­XOAHMOÍÍ CKOpOCTH ABH>KeHHÍI BOAbI H COOTBeTCTBylOlmiií

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