Hidrológiai Közlöny 1953 (33. évfolyam)

1-2. szám - Kivonatok

76 Kivonatok Hidrológiai Közlöny 33. évf. 1953. 1—2. sz. OCHOBbI JlECOBOAMECKOÍt J1HMHOJK/THH 3. ü o H a c h ABTOP B paMKax BOAHoro xo3HÖCTBa npHpOAM HCCJIC­flyeT Bonpocu cnocoÖHocTH H 3HaqeHHfl aKKyMyjiHmiH BOAHMX pecypcoB jiecoB H ^ecoHaca>KaeHH{Í a CBETE npeoö­pa30BaHHH npHpoflbi qeJiOBeKOM. ABTOP npH CBOHX HCCJieAOBaHHHX CTpeMHTCH CBH33Tb >KH3Hb Jieca C >KH3HbK) BOAbI, OnHpaHCb B CBOHX HCCJieAO­BaHHax Ha MeTOAbi HayqHbix paöoT no npeccHbiM BOAaM, Ha CJIOPMAJIHHO o(J>opMHBuiyK)CH METOAHQECXYKI HCCJIEAO­BaTe.'ibcKy10 jiHMHOJiorHio, BeAb .iec, KaK MecTHocTb, no CBoeMy xapaKTepy SBAHCTCH Bojiee BWCOKO 0praHH3OBaH­Hoti eAHHHuefi, aHaAorHMHO c npyAOM. PaöoTa aBTOpa oxBaTbiBaeT Bee Bonpocbi, OTHOCH­MNECH K AAHHOII oÖAacTH. HapflAy c TEM, MTO CTaBHTCfl oömero xapaKTepa npoÖJieMU, B paöOTe paccMaTpMBaiOTCH Tanwe H qacTHbiC: Bonpocu. ABTOP yTBepwAaeT, HTO pa3­BeAKa npeccHbix BOA B jiecncTbix MecTHOcTnx HrpaeT Ba>K­Hyio pojib B AeJie pa3BeAaHHB BOAHoro xosnücTBa JiecoB H jiecoHaca>KAeHHÍí, hjih onpeAe-neHHH HMeiomHxcH KOCBCH­HMX H HenocpeACTBeHHbix 3anacoB BOÁM, AJW uejiefí peryjiH­pOBaHHH HCn0JIb30B3HHH BOAbI, a TaKJKe AJ1H UeACft nJiaHO­MepHoro BOAHCTO xo3flttcTBa. ABTOP B KOHue cBotro TpyAa 3aHHMaacb B 3aKjnoqeiiHH BonpocaMH opraHH3auHH H CTpyKTypbi jiHMHOJiorHqecKofí pa3BeAKH JieCHCTblX TeppHTOpHH, 03HaKaMJIHBaeT MHTaTe.TH c HeKOTopbiMH rpynnaMH BonpocoB. HanöoAce cymecT­BeHHblM npH HCCAeAOBaHHHX HBJlfleTCH : nOCAe THnH3aUHH jieca cieMKa MecTHOcreií, y qeT BOA JiecncTMX MecTHOCTefi H HX XHMHKO ŐHOJIOrHMeCKHÍÍ aHajiH3, Bonpocbi CTeneHH CNAÖWEHHOCTH B TEIEHHH ROAOBORO nepnoAa, HCC;IEAOBAHHE CpeAbI, H3yHCHHC MCCTHblX npOÖJleM BOAHOrO X03HÍÍCTBa H HCfI0Ab30BaHHJl BOAHblX 3anaC0B, He06X0AHM0CTb uejieco­oöpa3Horo BMemaTejibCTBa c yqeTOM MecTHbix ycnoBHÜ, pa3pa6oTKa HayqHOÜ MCTOAHKH C yqeTOM npaKTHqecKHX TpeÖ0B3HHH. KAPCTOBblE HCTOMHHKH nEUlEPbl AHHbl B jihjta<diopeae X. K e c JI e p. AJW noKpbiTHH Hy>KA JlHouiAbepa B nnTbeBoií BOAC B CBH3H c pacTyUIHMH noTpeönocTHMH ropoAa na OCHOBC ero pacuiHpeHHH no nHTHJieTHeMy n.iaHy GbiJio aanpoeKTH­pOBaHO IipOJIO>KHTb Tpy60np0B0A K AnOlIIAbSpy OT Heroq­HHKa, jie>Kamero npiiMepHO B 17 KM OT ropoAa, T. e. OT HCTOM­iiHKa TapaAHa. ABTOP, B up0THB0n0Ji0>KH0CTb c npoeKTOM, npeAJio>KHJi npoAo>KHTb Tpy60np0B0A k HCTOMHHKy, jiewaiueMy na 7 KM 6JIH ^e K ropoAy, T. e. K HCTOQHHKY B nemepc ÁHHM B JlHJiaiJuopeAe. Ha 0CH0Be AeTajibHbix HccJieAonaHHH aBTop rioKaaa.i, no BOAA B HCTomiHKax nponcxoAHT ne OT BOA PYQBH CHHBa HJIH TapaAHa, KaK STO AY Ma AH paHee, a HBJIHeTCH CaMOCTOHTeAbHbIM KapCTOBbIM HCTOqHHKOM. Bo BpeMH HccAeAOBaHHfi B nepByio oqepeAb npoBOAH­JiHCb onbiTbi c OKpacKOÜ npn noMomH (JuioopeciieHHa H MeTHJHjíHOJieTa, KOTOpbie OCTaiOTCH OAHaKO HeraTHBHbIMH. IlocJie BbiuieynoMjiHyTHX ONBITOB B pyqefi CHHBa 6MJI BbiJiHT B ÖOjlblllOM KOAHqeCTBe HaCbimeHHblií COJIflHOtí paCTBOp H nocjie qero H3MepHJiocb H3MeHeHHe sjieKTponpoBOAHOCTH HCToqHHKa (KAioqa), HO H 3-TOT onwT AaJi OTpHuaTejibHbie pe3yAbTaTbi. MHcroBOAHbiH HCToqHHX, BCTPCQAWUIHÍÍCH y BXOAA B nemepy AHHH, IIPOHCXOAHT, COSCTBCHHO roBopH, B pe3yAbTa­Te CAHHHHH AByX HCTOqHHKOB, BblXOAHlUHX H3 3eMAH B caMOÜ nemepe. HCTOHHHK, .ne>KaiuHií ÖAHwe K BbixoAy H3 nemepbi, SYAET HCTOQHHKOM JVS 1, a jiewaiuHÜ A^JIBIIIE OT BBIXOAA ­jV9 2. ABTOP cpaBHHJi npn NOMOMN HOBORO METOAA HCCACAO­BaHHH HaAOKHOCTb AByX ynOMHHyTblX Bbiuie HCTOqHHKOB. B nepByio oqepeAb OH npHHHA BO BHHMaHHe cooTHomenHe Me>KAV KpaÜHHMH 3HaqeHHHMH AeÖHTOB BOAbI, H3MepeHHbIX B OAHH H TOT M<e NEPHOA BpCMeHH H3MepeHHÍÍ (1951 VII 1952 VIII). B cJiyqae HCToqHHKa Nq 1 cooTHoiueHHe Me>KAV MaKCHM3AbHbIM H MHHHMaAbHbIM AeŐHTOM COCTaB.HHeT 1,8, a B 3T0 >Ke BpeMH AJIH HCToqHHKa -Ne 2 xapaKTepHO AJIH COOTHOUieHHH 3THX BeAHqHH qHCJlO 18,0, CJleAOBaTeAbHO C TOqKH 3peHHH nOCTOHHCTBa AeÖHTa BOAbI HCTOqHHK JVo 1 rioKa3aA ceÖH 5oAee HaAe>KHbiM. 3TO >Ke cpaBiienne 5HAO np0BeAeH0 H B OTHOIUCHHH TeMnepaTyp, H B STOM CAyqae HCTOqHHK JNQ 1 0Ka3ajicH Bojiee HaA«KHUM H3-3a MeHbiuero 3HaqeHHH KojieGaiiHÍÍ Te.vinepaTyp. ABTOP AJIH HccJieAOBaHHH H3MeHeHHH XHMHqeCKOrO COCTaBa BOA HCTOqHHKOB, T. e. B UeJIHX B03M0>KH0CTH Bbipa3HTb OAHHM qHCAOM KOHUCHTpa­UHH HOHOB H3MepfleT 3^eKTpHqeCK0e COnpOTHBAeHHe BOAbI H cqHTaeT xapaKTepHbiM AJIH H3MeHeHHH XHMHqecKoro COCTaBa H3MeHCHHe SJieKTpOCOnpOTHBJieHHH BOAbI. COOTHO­UleHHe Me>KAy MaKCHMaAbHbIMH H MHHHMajIbHbIMH 3Haqe­HHJIMH COnpOTHBJieHHií HBAHeTCH T3K>Ke MeHbUlHM, T. e. 5BI^O SOAEE NOAXOAHMHM B CAYQAE HCTOQHHKA JVS 1. HcToqHHKH BbiTeKaiOT H3 CAOH H3BecTKOBoro Tyjia MOlUHOCTblO AO 40 M, HO BepOHTHO, HTO nOCKOJIbKy HCTOq­HHKH ÍIBAHIOTCH CaMOCTOHTeJIbHbIMH HCTOqHHKaMH, TO MO>KHO npeAnoAOWHTb, qTo noA TOJimefi H3BecTKOBoro Tyijia OHH BblTeKaiOT H3 AOJIOMHTa. y MeCTa BblTOKa HCToq­HHKa jNe 1 B iiejiHX pa3BeAKH MecTa npoHcxo)KAeHhH HCToq­HHKa 6bijia 3aA0>KeHa pasBeAWBaTe.ibHaH uiTOJibHH BAOJib TOKa BOAU H, naKOHeu, öbijia HaiÍAeHa nepBHqnaH BopoHKa HCToqHHKa, KOTOpan AOXOAHJia A" AOAOMHTa, Ae>Kaiuero na 4 M HH>Ke. BBHAV Ttr.i, qTO KaK pe3yjibTaTbi xHMHqecKHX, a TaK H 6aKTepeoAornqecKHX aHajiH30B 0Ka3aAHCb ÖAaro­npHHTHbiMH, npHCTynHJiH K coopy>KeHHio HaAcrpoiíKH naA HCTOqHHKOM H 3T0T HCTOqHHK B KpaTqafilUHH [lep HOfl Bpe­MeHH SyAeT BK.Tioqen B ceTb CHaöweHHH nHTbCBofi BOAOÜ rop. JlHOuiAbep, h OH öyAeT HMeTb cyToqHbiü AeöHT OK. 1700 M 3 npn MHHHMyMe. 3ia BOAa no CBoeMy KaqecTBy Ayquie BOÁM HCToqHHKa TapaAHa, KpoMe 3Toro AaeT 3HaqHTeAbH0 ÖOAbUie BOAbI. ílpH BCeM 3T0M COKpaiIjaeTCH TaK)Ke H AJIHHa Tpy60np0B0Aa, T. e. CTaHOBHTCji na 7 KM Kopoqe. PHAPOJlOrHMECKHE HABJHOJIEHUH BO BPEMM PA3BEAKH TPYHTA B CBH3H C 3AJI0>KEHHEM OYHJIAMEHTA MOCTA EPHvEBET íi. X o p B a T B CBH3H C BOCCTaHOB.'leHHeM MOCTa Ep.KeŐeT CTa.10 HeoöxoAHMbiM npaSyparb pa3B2Aoqnbis cKBavKHHbi, Koropbie AOAWHbl ŐblJIH nonaCTb Bt) BHyTpeHH 1010 3aillHTHyi0 30HV HCTOqHHKOB BOAOAeqeÖHHu PyAauiH llMpe. B COOTBCTCTBHH C AeÖCTByI0UIHMH yKa3aMH BHyTpH 3auiHTH0ÍÍ 3OHM 3aKAaAKa pa3BeAoqHbix cKBa»HH H onpeAeAeHHMe pacKonKH MoryT IipOH3BOAHTbCH TO.lbKO C CCTAaCHH ynOAHOMOqeHHblX Ha TO 0praH0B. C yqeTOM STHX yKa30B np0B0AHJicn HaMH KOH­TpOJIb npOXOAKH CKBa>KHH IIO nOpyqeHHIO OTACJia MOCTOB MHHHeTepeTBa nyTefi cooömeHHíi. Ha 0CH0Be npnoSpeTeHnoro y>Ke paHee otíbira CAeAo­BajIO 0)KHAaTI> npOHHKHOEeHHH B CKBawHHM Ha HeKOTOpOÜ rAy6nne ropsiqeií BOÁM, qTO Mor.io 5bi Bbi3BaTb cnn>KeHHe AOÖHTa, H.IH we yxOA BOÁM OT HMewuinxcji AeqeőHbix HCTOqHHKOB. CjieAOBaTeAbHO, KOHTpOAb pacnpocTpaHHACH TAKWE H HA onpc,ie,ieiiHe RAYÖHHBI 3ajio>KEHHH OTAEABHBIX CKB3)KHH. B p23yAbTare npoBeAeHHoro HaöAiOAeHHH 3a agöhtom BOA'J H TeMnipiTypolí MO>KHO CKa3aTb, qro He HMejio MecTo onacHara np3HHKHOB3HHH ropHqefl boám npn npo­XOAKe 10 UIT CKBa>K«H. B p23yAbTaTe npOXOAKH CKBa>KHH MO>KHO c«eAaTb onpeAeneHHe, QTO reo^ornqecKaH cTpyK­Typa AaHHOÍÍ TeppHTOpHH HBAHeTCH CMeiUiHHOÖ, HMeeT cBpocoBbiii xapaKTep, cHAbHo nepeAOMana. C ToqKH 3peHH5i 3aKJiaAKH (jjyHAaMeHTa Ha MecTe H^eioinHxcH ÖHKOB AO rAyöHHbi 15 M noA noBepxHOCTbio noqBbi ne owHAaeTCH onacHoro xapaKTepa iip0HHi<H0BeHH5i ropjiqeíí BOAM. B6AH3H K noBepxnocTH B PMXJIOM ocaAoqHOM rpyHTe HMeeT MecTo npoHHKHoneHHe CTeKaiornux BOA HCTOqHHKOB, HMeiomHX nJioxyio 3aKAaAKy. B KaqecTBe OKOHqaTeJibHoro BbiBOAa npoBeAeHHbix KOHTpOJIbHblX HaÖAIOAeHHÍÍ M05KH0 OnpeAeJIHTb, qTO 5bIAO oöocHOBaHHbiM npHAepwHBaTbCH pacnopsDKeHHií, Kacaio­IUHXCH 3auiHTHHX 30H. ílpoxoAKa CKBa)KHH 6«Aa ycneuiHO 3aK0HqeHa 6e3 KaKoíí-AHÖo onacHOCTH

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