Hidrológiai Közlöny 1949 (29. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Értekezések - T. SZALAI, D. Sc.: Origin and Heat Content of the „Juvenile" Constituents of Hungarian Thermal Waters

Carpathian Arch the permanent geosyncline developed only in the Senonian and the Eocene; bifurcating, one branoh of it bordere outwardly the Carpathians, the other branoh extends along the Bihar Group. Several exploring wells in the Great, Hungárián Plain hit Mesozoic formations The bore no. II. of Hajdúszoboszló tra versed betweon 1447.10—2032 m. a problematic sequence of Triassic strata (9). Biore no. VI. of Kőrösszegapáiti orossed at 1795.5 m. detrital conglomerate of crystalline schists and crystalline limestone. In the North. Eastern Carpathians the author observed crystalline limestones of the Triassic and Jurassie overlying crystalline schists and in somé places infolded with them. The crystalline limestone of the last mentioned bore may eventually be Mesozoic too. The Bugyi No. I. bore hit Upper Triassic limestone at 233 m. depth. The line connecting this bore with those of the Transdanubian Igal area, which struck presumably Triassic bedrock, runs parallel to the strike of the Bakony part syncline. In the same strike lies the Triassic bedrock hit in the bore of Tard. The bores No. VI. of Kőrösszegapáti and No. I. of Tótkomlós, whiclr struck the Triassic bedrock, lead to the same conclusion when connected- These lines appear to indieate sunken geosynclines. The bore N o. II. of. Tótkomlós hit Tniiassic hasal conglomerate at 1661.5 m.; in the same area bore No. III. struok Triassic dolomité and conglomerate between 1684—1691.5 m.; No. IV. Triassic dolomité and conglomerate between 1685—1717 m. and No- VI. Triassic and slhales at 1535.5 m1 The position of the Mesozoic strata of the Krassó-Szörény, Persány, Nagyhagymás Mountains and of several ranges in Slovakia is uncertain in relation to the off-shoots of the Alpine Mesozoic g'eosyncline. The Mesozoic part synelines a re disrupted along fraotures, somé of the blocks outcrop to the surface, others form sunklands under the surface of the Carpathian basin and eonstitute draine thereof. Bores of Tótkomlós of the same surface elevation hit the Mesozoic bedrock at different dephts and prove the fa-ulted structure of the subsoil. 1 Bores along the norithern bordér of the Great Pláne penetrating Triassic strata, such as those at Csillaghegy, Budapest, Békásmegyer, örszentmiklós, Tard No. III. are not mentioned. 2 With reference to this, researches of Nopcsa in Hunyad county are mentioned, according to whieli the large gránité masses are everywhere older than tha preCarboniferous chlorite schits üncluding blocks of gránité. The gránité alsó contains gneiss. amphifoolegneiss and crystalline schist inclusions. I havo tJhank the MASZOVOL Oil company för bore records of tha Great Hungárián Plain (excepting 'those of the bore No. II. of Hajdúszoboszló). I have to thank Ohief Geologist Dr. Denisov, and Dr. Körösy who collected same for me. 3 It is to be mentioned here that Nopcsa writes that there exists an uiiconformi ty between tlhe chlorite schists and the older crysfalline blocks in the Betyezát and to a certain extent even in the Paring Monntains. Pre-Liassic rocks form a ridge (Caledonian orogeny) with SW—NE strike there. Crystalline rocks, grtanite and schists may oocur between the Mesozoic blocks, t.hey alsó form the crystalline shell underlying Mesozoic strata, for instance bore No. I. of Kismarja struck gneiss at 1551.5 m., No. II. phyllite and mica schists; at Biharnagybajom bore No. I. hit gneiss detritus between 1003—1008 m„ No. II. dark grey chlorite schist at 1466.4 m. containing biotite, rolled down felspar and quartz; at Kőrösszegapáti -bore No. II. found mica schist at 1531 m., No. IIIgneiss and amphibolite with alkali felspar and plagioclase at 1842.5 m., No. V. amphibolite at 1635 m., bore No. VI. at 1469.7 m. Bore N. VII. hit crystalline schists and the already mentioned crystalline limestones, No. VIII. basal conglomerate and amphibolite breccia at 1634.1 an.

2 Crystalline rocks and especially the gránité have important influence upon the chemical composition and heat content of therinal waters as will be dealt with later. The Carpathian basin is a typical faulted struefcure consisting of thriee princápal tectonic units: the central one is a Paleozoic or pre — Paleozoic shelf under the Great Hungárián Plain, in the northern continuation of whiclh a shelf was mentioned by Sujkovszky,

3 The other two are W and N-of it. For the inner-Carpathian section of the above shelf the author presumes (14) that it can be followed northward up to the Golf of Boittem and the Novaja Zemlja region, southward it can be traced in Africa between two transcontineutal structure lines crossing eaoh other in the Balcans. This statement is based upon investigations of the author in the north-eastern Carpathians. The essential difference between Permo-Carboniíerous sediments of the Zemplén Mountain Islauds from those of the neibhbouring Bükk Mountains confirms the above supposition. While the latter are of marine origin containing only strealks of coal. the Penno-Carboniferous strata of the Zemplén Mountain Islands are litoral deposits containing several b©d:s anthracite. The siaimie type of rocks wias foiurnd by Sujkowski in the northern continuaitiion of this shelf in the régióin of the Piúpiet martsiheis and in Volihynáa. In the followiinig the posiitijon of the waterbeaning formations will be dealt with. The water loaalted in limestonos amid dolomitos is what is called „Karstic" water. The following questions wtill have to be aniswered with regaird to this. Is it loicated in one or several horiaons. Are water levielis in ithe dffifferent mountains eomimunicating witlh one aniotiher? Is the miaas of water fed by current raarufall or does it óonstitute water stoired in depth since geological times. Before answierdng thes© questioms it has to he pointed oat that theirmal water is located in different horizons of the storage riock. In oaloareous Mesozoic rocks impermeable clayey strata are included. An upper Karstic water lemel is thue foitoieid whách presemts dtself iát the outcrop of these rociks as deeper g'round water. Below ithiis lies the level of the deep or main Karstic water pointed out by Horusitzky (4). Of counsie, futuire rosöarohes miay lead to the discorvery of imiore mater levels. Ka witic water is located in oaloareous rocks in cavities leadhed out in crevices along struotural planes. The water of the deep Kairsit oo'mmuinieates with the surface along tectonic planes or at outerops of its reservoir rocks. Within the lareia of one geosynoliine the resiervoiir rock of the upper Kars74