Hidrológiai Közlöny 1949 (29. évfolyam)

11-12. szám - Értekezések. - T. SZALAI, dr: Összefüggés a budai hegység emelkedése és a termális vizek hozama között.

V CTOflHiihi, KaK ropoaa Ky.popTa. B nocjiuayiomeM nonuTaioeb ^aTt 06 ''flciieHHH no uejiOMy Bonpocy. B nocaeanux róaax aaHBHjio npoTecTH oraeaeHHe no fiypeHiiio HHCTHTVTa no iiccaeaoBaHHio peB.viaTHSMa h áeneöHHX hctohhhkob. npeai'­aBaeHHHe npoTecTH Kacaancb TOJibKo H3MeiieHim TeMnepa Typbl H npOAyKTHBHOCTH HCTOHHHKOB. • Cneunajibnaa jiHTepaTypa ywe He oaHH pa3 3aHH.Ma.1acb aTHM BonpocoM h 6h.íio ycT.aHOBJieHO, hto noBHiueHHe hjih noHujKemie ypoBiia Boa hctohhhkob Ha cropoHe ByaH Ha» XOflHTCfl B aaBHCHMOCTH OT nOBblHieHHfl HJIH nOHHJKeHHfl ypoBiia BOflbi a peKe jüynae. 06 H3MeneiiHH npoayKTHB­HOCTH HCTOHHHKOB illaJH^H niIUieT (4) H aaeT BCe flalIHbie b cpoeíí CTaibe. B npo.MeaíyroK BpeMPHn Meatay 1909 h 1913 rofla MH npOflyKTHBHOCTb HCTOHHHKa Py^aiH pe3K0 .vnajia no cpaBHeHHio c iipoinJibiMii roaaMH, aa y/ice h b 1904 roay npoflyKTHBHOCTb ero őbiJia na Miioro Menbine. hcm b 1903 roay. Ot 0. inojia 1925 roaa ;io 11. (JieBpajia 1927 roaa Ha HCTOHHHKax Pyaain h Pau 6h.ho npoBPaeHO 27 HSMepemiíi ypoBHeíi BoaH, KOTopne noicaaajiH, hto c 1913 roaa KOJiH'tecTBo bo;iw cHOBa riojiia.íiocb. CpeaHna npoayK­THBHOCTb ÖOJIblIlHX HCTOHHHKOB Pyaain H PaU, n0 CpaBH6' iihki c H3MepeHHHMH iipoBeaemibiMii b 1809 roay H. Mo„i­Hapo«, noKa3biBaeT cn.ibHoe yMeHbuienne npoayKTHBHocm IloHnaceHHe npo.nyKTiiBiiocth HCTOHHHKa Pyaam BbipaaHJiocb naaenneM c 988 Kyö. m. na 822 Ky6. m. b aem, a hctoh­HHKa Pai; c 1817 kj'6. m. b aeiib Ha 892 Kyö. m. b aeiib. rioHHateHiie npoayKTHBiiocTH oö 'flciiHio, KaK oö'HCHaeT h •ajajin, népeMeHHbiM kojikhcctbom ocaaKOB. TaKHM Oöpa-IOM ^to oöcTOHTejibCTBo no.iTBepH;;iaeT mhok) yace .paHee Bbipa­«£eiiHoe MHeHne. ITo Bonpocy bjihhhiih hobhx öypoBbix CKBaauiH Ha lipOH3BOflHTeJIbHOCTb CTapHX HCTOHHHKOB yaaJIOCb npoBecTH psia HécjieAOBaHfutt n Haöjno.ieiniti, ho HCKJiioHHTeabHO b oöjia­cth peKH /IvHan. IlpiíMcpo.M M0JK6T cjiyHCHTb onpeaejienne 3a­BHCHMOCT1I ypOBH.H BOabI MeSKfly HCT0HHHK8MH, T3K iiaiibl­BaeMoro MaaoMTO, iiaxonani;eroca y gieHeöiibix 6a Hh Hacap h OTfleJibHbiMH HCTOHHHKamh .iieHeöHbix 6aHb Pyaarn h OeiiT H\ipe. Ha6jiiofleHHHMii ycTaHOBiuiH, hto naaeHne ypOBHfl BOaH B MajIOMTO BJIHfleT Ha IIpO.iyKTIIBIIOCTb HC­TOHHHKOB íiaxo.iamiixca Ha pacToaiiHH 3.5 km. hctohhhkob TepeK h Thmuio, TyHrapna, h Ha Kaili acHeöHHX öaHeft CeHT H.vipe. npoayKTHBiiocTb hx b htom caynae naaaeT. B to ace apeMa hctohiihkh jieneöHwx 6aHb Hacap n JlyKan, Haxoanmneca b HenocpeacTBcuHoíl 6jih30cth k Mujiomto, noKaáaJiH iMMeHeHHe ypoBHa TOJibKO v hctohhhkob iiaxo^Ji­miixcn HenocpeacTseHHO noa iiOB?pxnocTbio scmjih c xo.ioa­noft KapcTOBoít Bojiott, a no BbicoTe HonoaceHHA, iiaxo^a­H1HXCH Bbirae, neM Ma.iOMTO. B to jkc »peMH TaM naxoaa­mexca hctohiihkh o Te.MneipaTy.poil boau 53—G5°-HiiKaKH.x H3MeiieHil ypoBHa ne noKa3a.nn. B 1932 roay OKoao jieHeöHoil öaiiH Pyaara oTKpbuiiicb 3 HOBHX HCTOHHHKa, KOTOpbIC HO IipOBefleHIlHM HaÖJIIO'aC' HHfla un 0Ka3ajin nHitaicoro BJiHflHiia na yme cymecTByiO' IHHe HCTOHHHKH. HanpOTHB TOMy, npH nOCTpOÖKC ÖHKil viocra EjiH3aBeTbi 6hji oncpbiTb Ha. Mecre crapaít 6yipOBOlt CKBaSKHIIH rOpHHIIÍt HCTOHHHK, nO/l BJIHfllIIieM KOTOpOrO ypoBHii Boán B HCTOHHHKax jieHeÖHbix 6aHb Pyaam H CeHT Hxipe B 3HaHiiTejibiioíl CTeneHH ynajiH. Ilocjie jihkbu­laniIH STOrO HCTOHHHKa ypOBHH BÖ.IIJ B CTapHX HCTOHHH­Kax onaTb noaiiíiJiHCb 40 HopMaJibHOtt BHCOTW. üpHMepOM 110JIH0Á neaaBHCii.MOCTH .ibvx hctohhhkob Haxoaamiixcíi b iienocipeacTBeiiHOii ójihbocth oann ot apyroro, Moryrb 6hti> npHBoaeHH hctohhiikh jieneöHoít 6a 1111 CeHT HMpe, hctohiihkh Khih h Hajb. Hctohiihkh 11a­XOflaTCH Ha paCCTOÍIHHH 19 MCTpOB II BO BpeMH HX HHCT0K, no apeMH nojiiioro OTJiHBa ro.th. hp OKa3HBa.nn „ipyr na iipyra miKaKoro bjihhhhH. KoHenno, iiaxoaaTca b sabhchmocth Hamu Tcnjibie hc­tohiihkh c HCTOHHHKttMii Ha iHe peKH Jíyiiaa. 3th HCTOH­HHKH npii HH3K0M ypoBiie bo^h b peKe, npn MeHbiiieM rHflpocTaTHHecitÓM üaBJieHHH, mot.vt OTBeCTH na aanacoB rapHHHX BOa ÖO.TblIiee KOJIHHeCTBO B0.1M, H6M HpH BW­cokom ypoBHe bo^h b JJynae. Ha ocHOBaHHH npHBe.ieiiiibix npiíaepoB moskho saKjiio­HHTb, hto hctohhhkh Haxoanuineca Ha oflHux ii Tex xe TeKTOHII'ieCKHX njIOCKOCTHX OKaSHBaiOT B3aHMH0e BJIHHHHC, mto 11 noHHTHo. B cjiynae 3ite oTKpbiTiia hctohhhkob Ha­X0.DIIHHXCII Ha paSJIHHHHX TCKTOHHHOCKHX IIJI0CK0CT3X B3aH­UHOTO BJIHHHHH He 6y.lCT H Hejlb3fl C HHM CHHTETb. TeOpe­THHPCKII HV5KH0 CHHTaTb C TPM, HTO lipil pa3HHX npOCTpalt­348 cxBeHHbix noJioaceHHHx njiocKocTeH ohh '.'ofcjmiaKiTCíi uo njlOCKOCTHM CÖpOCOB II HTO rOpáHHe B0.1H CTpCMHIIlHftCft K noBepxHOCTH 3eMJÍn .üojijkhh HMeTb jfeac.iy có'6olt cooöme­Hne. Kan npaBHJio, Ha cöpocoBbix nji0CK0CTflx o6pasyroTca HMnepMeaöHJibHne oxipaiiHbie c.aon, KOTO.phie OTjeJiflioT rop­HHe MacciiBH oiiiiH ot apyroro, BBHZiy nero üohth KawaHü HCTOHHHK, 'B OCÓ6eHHOCTH HCTOHHHKH IiaXO^HUlHeCH Ha C6p0­cobhx n,nooKOCTflx, noayiaioT cbop coócTBeiiHoe nanpaBJie­íme. 3th HanpaBjieHiia o6e3neHiiBaioT OT.ie.ibHi.iM hctohhh­Ka\f B H-3BeCTH0it Mepe CaMOCTOHTeJIbHOCTb. 3aeCb aaMenaio, htó npn onpeaeJieHHii oxpaHiibix c.ioeü pyKOBoaamHMii cooftpaateniiaMii Hy«HO CHHTaTb tcktohm necKHe tohkh apennH. Moxho yTBepHt/iaTb, hto 06pa30BaiiHe npoÖKn Ha or­ae.jTbHbix ynacTKax HCTOHHHKa OKasHBaeT- bjihjiiihc hc TOJibKO Ha KO-ninecíBO bo.ih, ho h na ee KanecTBo, kohchho, TOJibKO B JWBeCTHOÍt MCpí, HTO MOíKOM Ha6jH0jaTb Ha .IHHckom hctohhhkc Apnaa. 3flecb Bcer.ia noc.ne hhctkh HCTOHHHKa KOJIHHeCTBO bo.iw .VBeJiHHHBaJiocb a npn 0&pa30BaHiih iipoÖKH na nyrax Kap­ctobhx Boa, yMeiibniaJioci,. HiMeHemieM TeMnepaTypw nauiiix hctohhhkob h iipn­HHHa.MH 3THX H3MeHeHH(t flO CHX HOp Ma.TO KTO 3aHHMajICÍI. BeceJicKiift yTBcpatiiaeT, hto HaMeneHne TeMne,paT.vpbi hctoh­iiHKa Fy ura pH ii cJie.iycT 3a H3MeHeHiieM Te.vnepaTypH B03­ayxa 11 Bceraa c onosaamieM b .ibb wecaiia. 3to HBJienne BecejicKHít oö'HCHaeT Te.\f, hto boíih npeaMeTiioro hctoh­HHKa b rjiyóHiie 10—12 MeTpOB, flOJr/Ktibi n.poitTH 6ojiee .ijihfiiibiíl nyTb hpm nyTb napa.uipjibHbitt c nooepxHocTbio 36MJIH. no MHeHlIK) ŰBHHHHHKOBa (3) TeMIK'paT.Vplllje BDJIHH MoryT aocTHTHyTb r.iiyöHHu 1000 MerpoB, c-HHTaa ot no­BepXHOCTH SeMJIH. npHHRB'ia OCHOBaHHC HTOT CJIJHatí, Hei iieoöxoanMOCTH iipeJinojioraTb. hto hctohhhk TyHrapna ocTHHeT Tan Kaic oh npoTcicaeT napajijiejibiio c noBepxHocTm ae.MJiH. H3MeneHne TeMne ;paTypbi tpimhx hctohhhkob mojkho xopouio 06iacHiiTb npuMemiiBamiPM paajiHHHoro ko.thhpctbb XOJIOaHOti KapCTOBOft BOJH. B nocJie.iHee ope.MH yKa3HBaK)T Ha 'bjihhhhp hctohuhkü oTKpHToro na yjiHue /larail na hctohhhk I, íiaxoflamiiflca Ha ocTpoBe MaprHT. Hctohhhk Ha y-time Jlaraft aBHJica npHHHHoit ciiiiaieiiHa yponiin Boai>i HCTOHHHKa I. Ho Tex nop noKa 110 naKpoioT hctohhhk na j'jihiip J'arart h sthm He cyMewT npoH3BecTH oiiht o6paTiioro HanpaBJieiiHH, na hto oftpaTiiJi BHiiMaHiie ap. Tot Ha aace.iaiuiH Bbicinero XoaaftcTBeiuioro CoBCTa, — Bonpoc hp moíkct 6uti, paapp­meB b nojiaott Mcpe. B cBflaH c Miiorn .Mii ncTOHHHKaMH na CTOpOHe By.lbl. Jlp. Haa C>ppcHi; yTBepsK/iaeT, hto hx ypoBPiib Booöme ro­Bopa naaaeT. TaK HanpHMep, naaeHHe ypoBiia Boán b HCTOHHHKax ATTHjia H JOBeiITyC B OpeaHe.M MOatHO CHHTaTb Ha 60 cm. npn bhcokom ypoBHe Boán b peKe ;lynae. naaeHHp ypoBHa HCTOHHHKa 1 na ocrpoBe MapniT iniMepapTca b 110 cm. npoBeaeiibiMii iiaMcpeinuiMH nonpoc ne mojkcm CHHTan. paapeiueHHbiM, noKa ne- öyayT nponeaenbi noapoöiibie aHa­JIH3H hctohhhkob h nosa He 6yaeT onpeaeaeno, hto no­Hii/iteHHe ypoBHeli aiMaeTCH caeacTBne.M h3mphphhh TexHH­HeCKHX K09(J)(|)HHHeHT0B TpyÖHOft CeTH. Ha OcHOBaHHH npHBeaeHHbix aaniinx bcp H3MeHeHHii MOíKHO OÖbHCHHTb TeXHHHeCKHMIl npHHHHaMH, MPTepOaOrH­HeCKHMH yCaOBllfl .MII H TO.ThKO HaCTHHHO flpyrHMH npiiHH­na.MH yate np n-BeaeHH h m h h.ih Te mii, KOTapbie öyayr b aaabiieítuie.M npuBeaeHH. Tenepb xo'iy npHBecTii TaKoe ripupoaHoe HBaeHne c KOTOpbIM B KOHUP KOHUOB HeOÖXOaHMO ÖyaeT CHHTaTbCH. Bo3moíkho, hto 9to üB.'iPHiie yate nrpaeT cboio poab h hto noHHHteHHe ypoBiia Boa He 3aBncnT ot TexHunecitHX h MeTepoaorHHecKHX npHHHH. Jlaa Toro hto6h moskho 6biao HaaaewamiiM oópaaoM o6bíicHiiTb 9to ABaeHiie, HysKHO BonBpaTHTbCH B reoaórii­Heciioe npoiuaoe, b Te BpeMena, Koraa naimi TepMiinecKHP BOabl npOpBaaiICb Ha HOBPpXHOCTb 3PMJIH Ha TeppHTOpilH ByaHHCKHX rop. Ha OcHOBaHHH pa60T HIpeTepa (5) snacM. HTO 9TH HCTOHHHKH npOpBa.HHCb Ha nOBepXHOCTb 3PM.1H yWP b nepBOít MeaHTep. anoxe h ot Toro BpeMemi nocroflHiio HeeyT CB OH BOaH H3 H0a3eMHUX öaCCeÜHOB. !H3MeHeHHP MeCT npOpHBOB HCTOHHHKOB Ha nOBepXHOCTb 3eMJIH MOSKe'r ÖblTb OÖbHCHeiIO Te.M, HTO 6yai'HCKHe ropbl HaHHHafl OT TpeTHHiioít anoxn ii BKJiKHaa n.neflcTOHPH ttoctohhho no.i­HHMa.ItHCb.

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