Hidak Nográd megyében (Salgótarján, 2007)

Mellékletek

Mellékletek tu Summary Summary The present area of county Nógrád is bordered in the north by Slovakia, in the west and northwest by county Pest, in the east and southeast by county Heves, while in the north by county BorsodAbaúj-Zemplén. Presently, it is the second smallest county with an area of 2544 sq km. The historical county Nógrád had a much larger area extended to the other side of river Ipoly. Its borders have been changed during the pást centuries several times, last in 1950. County Nógrád is mainly hilly and mountainous of médium heightwith largevalleysand basins. Its relief is förmed by the easternmost part of Börzsöny, Cserhát and a minor piece of Mátra (Pásztói Mátra). The bridge stock is affected not only by the terrain butalso by the streams; its riversare asfollows: Ipoly, Zagyva, Galga and Tárna. Its road network is rather dense, the routes have been defined by the relief; the main roads have led practically along the same routes since the Árpádages. After the Turkish occupation, the importance of roads increased due to the growing population, their development accelerated. At the age of Joseph II (1782), there were already 249 bridges on the roads; construction of permanent (stone) bridges alsó started at a rapid pace. After the Trianon Peace Treaty, Ipoly has become a bordér river which affected slightly the road network. The main road system was developed in 1934. The totál length of main roads amounted to 350 km. The "de-dusting" of macadam pavements and the road modernisation started already in 1952. The construction of the main road no. 21 along a new track was finished in 1963. The present system of the main roads in the county was developed in 1965 with less main roads crossing each other. The main roads no. 2, no. 22 and no. 21 form the backbone of the system. The motorway in county Pest can be reached on the main road no. 21. The early remains of bridge construction appeared in the names of settlements (Hídvég, Konczhida) and inthearchaeological excavation of castles (e.g. Nógrád). The militarysurveys in 1782 and 1852-55 inform alsó about the number of the bridges in the county, and - mainly from the early-18th-century on - many details of the construction of stone bridges are known from archives. Nice designs were remained on the Ipoly-bridge between Újkóvár and Kóvár, as well as the first railway bridges. The river Ipoly was crossed in every settlement, so there were 19 crossings in 1855. The majority of these structures were, of course, wooden bridges; however, a stone bridge was built close to Ipolyság already in 1266 which was destroyed during the Turkish occupation; itwas reconstructed in 1769. A multi-spanned stone bridge was constructed by Rárós in 1791 and by Ipolyhidvég in around 1850. Arches were built across narrow streams by Nagyoroszi in 1789, by Pásztó in 1793, by Rom hány before 1795, by Patak in 1800, bySzécsény in 1815, by Felsőpetény before 1822, by Becske in 1823, by Szendehely in 1825, by Kisterenye in 1823, by Héhalom in 1833. Three of them (the ones in Romhány, Patak and Héhalom) still stand and have been declared historic monuments, liké the monument bridges by Pásztó and Szendehely with statue ornament. Their sizes and designs make the three-spanned arches outstandingfacilities; there is no other Hungárián county with so much valuable arches still standing. At least 21 of the arch bridges in the national highway network are older than 100 years. The construction of irón and steel bridges started on the railway lines in 1886 and on the public roads in 1894 by building two Ipoly-bridges by Hugyag and Pöstény, then the truss Ipoly-bridges by Balassagyarmat (1900), Letkés (1903), Rárós (1904), Durenda and Rapp (1909) were compieted with 20-60 m spans. On minor streams, truss bridges with somé 20 m spans were alsó built: Szécsény, Szentlélekstream (1903), Tar, Zagyva-bridge (1905). The construction of reinforced concrete bridges started in the 1910's, at least the first designs remained from that age, actually from Szilárd Zielinski's famous design bureau. The special sevenspanned 200 m long reinforced concrete arch bridge which is not mentioned in the technical literature was built as the transport bridge of Somlyóbánya in 1911-12. The particular bridge of high standard can be seen just on postcards because the valley spanned was fiiled by refuse ore in the vicinity of bridge during several decades. 61 of the reinforced concrete bridges built before World War II still carrytraffic;theyare relativelyshort bridges, the longest one is a ripped plate bridge with 10,0 m span. World War II destroyed somé 40% of the bridge stock in the county. In 1945-47, 85 temporary 167