Szabó János szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 24-25. 2007. (Budapest, 2007)
to distal direction. The talonide is very sUghtly developed. The enamel is thickened on the lingual side of the teeth, except the specimen of Igric/Pestere. The lower margin of enamel rises in occlusal direction below the protoconid on the buccal side. This curve is much less developed than in the case of P. /. fossilis. Mandible — In buccal view, the end of the symphysis mandibulae lines with the middle oi the diastema. The corpus mandibulae has the same height in front of P3 and behind Mi. The fossa masseterica does not extend under the Mi, it ends at the line of the distal edge of protoconid. The lower rim of the mandible between the diastema and the incisivi is sraight. Occurrence — Tokod-Nagyberek, Szelim, Kiskevély, Kiskun félegyháza, Istállóskő, Igric/Pestere, Három-kút. Stratigraphical distribution: Late Pleistocene, Eemian Interglacial, Würmian Glacial. Table 19 — Measurements of mandible of Panthera leo spelaea. Ob.2977 V 60.1785 Ob.2983 Maximum length 104.0 123.0 136 1 leight of the corpus mandibulae in front of P;, 43.0 50.0 46.5 Height of the corpus mandibulae behind the Mi 43.0 50.0 50.5 1 .ength of diastema 15.0 24.0 30 Length of symphysis mandibulae 61.0 79.0 80 Comparison Comparison of Panthera onca gombasyoegensis to Panthera onca and Panthera leo nubica jaguar-like characters of P. 0. gombasyoegensis: - protocone of P 3 extends only sUghtly in palatal direction; - mesial edge of the paraconid of Mi and the protoconid is straight; - P 4 is not thickened on the buccal side; protocone of P 4 is present; - protoconid of Mi stands, not leans to distal direction; symphysis mandibulae lines with the end of diastema in occlusal view; cingulum of P4 is strongly developed; paraconid of P4 is strongly developed; - absolute length of the diastema on mandible is small as compared to the diastema of jaguars and lions, and it is also small as compared to the length of the mandible; - length of mandible (V 24062) falls below the value of the smallest mandible sizes of Panthera onca; height of the corpus mandibulae is the same behind the Mi and in front of the P3. Uon-like characters of P. 0. gombasyoegensis: - protostyle is not present on P 3 ; - protoconid on P4 leans sUghtly to distal direction; on the P 3 the crown does not form an extension on the palatal side; - protocone of P 3 is slightly developed; - Table 20 shows that Mi is very long as compared to the length of the mandible. This ratio in P. onca gombasyoegensis corresponds to the proportion of the Panthera leo. Table 20 — Proportion of Mi and mandible length. Panthera onca gombaszoegensis n=l V 24062 Panthera leo n=16 Panthera onca n=5 Length of Mi/ mandible 25% 20-25.6% 19-23% Further particular characters: - degree of the constriction between the protocone and parastyle is negügible (in occlusal view); preparastyle secondary cone of P 4 is strongly developed (where this cone is present), just Uke in the extant jaguar. This character is not typical for the present day lions. When it is present; it is sUghtly developed. The preparastyle can be a plesiomorphic character of Panthera that regressed in Panthera leo during the evolution, while it remained in Panthera onca. The absolute sizes of aU teeth varied on the lower verge of the absolute teeth-sizes of Panthera leo and on the upper verge of the absolute teeth sizes of Panthera onca, except P3 that corresponds to the mean value of Recent Uons (Table 21). Table 21 — Measurements of P3 (in mm). Panthera onca Panthera Panthera gombaszoegensis leo onca Length of P.i 17.75 17 15.5 Height of P-, 11 1 1.5 in Width ofP 3 10 9 8.3 Explanation to Plate II (Teeth in natural size, mandible x0.7) 1 a-b Panthera leo fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) — Vértesszőlős II, Middle Pleistocene, V 69.689, P 3 ; a: occlusal surface, b: buccal view. 2 a-c Panthera leo fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) — Vértesszőlős II, Middle Pleistocene, V 69.673, P 4 ; a: occlusal surface, b: paládnál view, c: buccal view. 3 a-b Panthera leo fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) — Vértesszőlős II, Mddle Pleistocene, V 69.674, Mi; a: occlusal surface, b: buccal view. 4 a-b Panthera leo fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) — Solymár-Ördöglyuk, Middle Pleistocene, Gyn495, P 4 ; a: occlusal surface, b: buccal surface. 5 a-b Panthera leo fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) — Vértesszőlős II, Middle Pleistocene, V 69.648, P 4 ; a: occlusal surface, b: buccal surface. 6 Panthera leo fossilis (REICHENAU, 1906) — Solymár-Ördöglyuk, Middle Pleistocene, V 62.286, mandible; buccal surface.
