Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 11. 1983. (Budapest, 1983)
The Central European "sibling-species" Muscicapa albicollis and hypoleuca do not differ either morphologically or metrically (length 14.7-15.0 width of diaphysis 1.5 mm), M. striata being larger (the same measurements: 16.6/1.5 mm), M. parva considerably smaller (13.4/1.2 mm). (Plate I, Fig. 5 and 1-Í Turdidae (s. s. ) Plate VI, Fig. 8 and 13; Plate VII, Fig. 2-4 and 9-10; Plate VIE, Fig. 2 and 4-7,9 and 11) The family Turdidae in strict sense comprises osteologically very heterogeneous forms and therefore I deal with them in three different groups; 1) The first group of smaller members belong to the morphotype No. 7 (6) of the taxonomical key (see also in Muscicapidae), both fossae being deep, absolutely separated, as against Muscicapa the proximal epiphysis in its whole shape narrower, crista pectoralis longer with a margin (in foreshortened view) not rectilinear, but rounded, tuberculum ventrale from ventral view elongated. Phoenicurus and Saxicola belong to this group, in the first one crista pectoralis longer, in dorsal view more rounded in foreshortened view, margin of bony sheet between two fossae composing a narrower angle than in Oenanthe. Crista lateralis in the last one in dorsal view less rounded. Some measurements given below show the metrical-proportional differences between the species concerned here: Oenanthe oenanthe and hispanica being in average the largesl, among the middle-sized Phoenicurus the species phoenicurus more gracile than Ph. ochruros and Saxicola torquata somewhat more lightly built than S. rubetra. Measurements of the humeri of some smaller Turdidae (group 1.) Phoenicurus phoenicurus Ph. ochruros Saxicola torquata S. rubetra Oenanthe oenanthe (n=10) Oe. hispanica (n=4) length 17. 2 17. 2 15. 9 16. 4 17. 8-20. 2 17. 0-19. 0 width of diaphysis 1.6 1. 5 1. 5 1. 6 1. 8-2. 0 1.6-1.9 2) The second group may consist of the considerably larger members of the family including the genera Turdus and Monticola . I refer in this place to Nos. 23 (24) and 24 (23) of the taxonomical key. In Monticola, in contrast with Turdus, the whole bone more robust, chiefly distal epiphysis especially flattened, proximal epiphysis more shortened, caput humeri low, in inner part of fossa tricipitalis a sharp rim. (For differences against e. g. Strunidae or Pinicola of the same size category, see at the systematical category in question). While during the present revision I found some differences among the larger members of the genus Turdus both metrically and morphologically, which had formerly been neglected in the literature. Beside the fact that in my comparative material some small series seem to prove an absolute difference in size (see table of measurements), i in Turdus torquatus the bone sheet between the two foramina is thin and composes with the longitudinal axes of the bone an approximate square (smallest form), in T. pilaris it composes a wide angle (middle sized form) and in T_. viscivorus this sheet is thickened, - by nearly the same angle (largest form), Turdus merula differs in its proportions (slender epiphysies by the same length), although T. iliacus and ericethorum of the smallest size category are hardly separable (some uncertain differences in the shape of the crista pecPLATE VI. Fig. 1-2. Locustella fluviatilis - fig. 3-4. Acrocephalus palustris - Fig. 5-6 Sylvia curruca - Fig. 7. Hippolais icterina - Fig. 8. Erithacus rubecula - Fig. 9. Locustella fluviatilis - Fig. 10. Acrocephalus palustris - Fig. 11. Phylloscopus trochilus Fig. 12. Hippolais icterina - Fig. 13. Erithacus rubecula - Fig. 14. Sylvia nisoria Fig. 15. Cettia cetti (Fig. 1,3,5,7 and 8; medial (caudal) view; Fig. 2,4 and 6: dorsal view; Fig. 9-15: foreshortened view of medial (caudal) surface of the proximal epiphysis)
