Dr. Nagy I. Zoltán szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 9. 1979. (Budapest, 1979)
many more measurements the southern and northern populations in Carpathian Basin are significantly different both in lower C length and width. This difference however seems to be overall and probably due to some yet unknown factors. The morphology of lower C (plates 7-12) shows less pecularities than that of the upper one. The basal cross section of the tooth is orocaudally less shortened in Rh. delphinen sis than in the recent species. Among the Pliocene forms also the smaller forms have more elongated, the greater ones more shortened C. Regarding the Pleistocene forms, the Osztramos Loc. 8 animal has strongly elongated basal cross-section of lower C. Lower P2 (see, figure 7:D,E and table 3). From Pliocene populations up to the present species there seems a rather straight line of shortening of P 2 . The population of Podlesice and allPlioOene animals in Hungary agree, however, the Csarnóta population has statistically shorter Pg. In P 2 width the Pleistocene populations have the greatest values, although not significantly different from Pliocene animals. Anyway, in older Pliocene animals an elongate and rather narrow tooth is typical. During the younger Pliocene one can observe the tendency of shortening and widening of the lower P 2 . This tendency reaches its climax in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. Interestingly enough, the populations with the more elongated tooth have the most narrow one and reverse. Among recent European populations, the length and width measurements of F 2 are diminishing from Dalmatian population towards the North Carpathian Basin animals. At the same time, all the European specimens are more sharply different from the Pleistocene animals in P 2 width than in P 2 length. C - P4 length (see, figure 7: A and table 2). Unfortunately, because of the fragmentary state of the fossil materials (as in C - P 4 length too) this - otherwise probably very useful measurement - may not be among the best ones. Still, it is clearly seen that the combined C and premolar length is significantly greater in Pliocene animals - including the Lower Pleistocene Osztramos Loc. 8 and Kövesvárad populations (no record of Osztramos Loc. 3), while all the other younger animals studied have a short C-P4 length, primarily due to differences in P 2 length and, as in the case of Osztramos Loc. 8 and Kövesvárad animals, to the great size of the C cross-section length. The picture is roughly similar to that of observed in upper C-P 4 length. The Kashmir specimen and Rh. mikadoi again show extreme length among recent animals. P4 length and width (see, figures 2,3,6: C, D and table 2). Looking at the data of these, one can observe differences of ratios in various populations. So, in length, all the Pliocene populations (except the few animals from Osztramos Loc. 9) are rather uniform and even so the otherwise small animals of Osztramos Loc. 7. The populations studied from Pleistocene seem to have uniformly short P4, except those from Püspökfürdő. There are no essential differences between Pleistocene and recent populations, though the few specimens from West Asia seem to be the smallest and again, the Kashmir specimen is one of the greatest. In P4 width the mean value of the Csarnóta population is curiously high, so, significantly greater than that of Podlesice. The two specimens from Osztramos Loc. 9 fully agree with the specimens studied from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene. While the younger Pleistocene and recent animals show rather uniform values, the population of Osztramos Loc. 8 has relatively low ones, almost as low as in Podlesice material. The mean of the latter is significantly smaller than those of some Pleistocene and recent material. As regards the morphology of lower P 4 (plates 7-12), one can immediately recognize the small-sized Miocene form by the orally tapering cross-section, that is with cut off labial side. The tooth of Rh. csakvarensis is with a more pronounced convexity on inner side. Besides, the outer cingulum in P4 of Rh. csakvarensis is bent up from labial view at one third length. The posterior edge with no impression for M^ as in recent. Among the animals of Osztramos Loc. 9, there are two types, that is, one is similar to the above Miocene form and an other with orocaudaUy shortened P4 and with a small diastema between the two premolars. The great-sieed specimens of Osztramos Loc. If have a rather short, squarish and orally not tapering P4 in cross-section, thus fully different from the above older forms. There is no impression byM^on posterior margin of tooth. In Csarnóta the form with shorter P4 prevailed and sometimes with a slight diastema between P 2 and P4. There are teeth, however, with greater cross-section length and orally cut off labial side. These teeth are frequently twisted out- and backwardly and with a posterior impression by Mj, Among the Lower Pleistocene animals there is one with narrow P^ in Osztramos Loc. 3, but it is more sharply cut off anteriorly. The other is greater and short as in Osztramos Loc. If and with a posterior impression by Mj, so in the latter character sharply different. The animal of
