S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 62. (Budapest, 2001)

to Andricus conglomerates, the gall can be distinguished by its shinier surface lustre and less regularly ovoid or spherical shape. There is a single inner cell per gall. Young galls are green, older galls are yellowish green to pale brown. Externally, the gall is hard and woody, with softer tissue internally. The inner cell of the gallwasp is located close to where the gall is attached to the shoot. In some galls there is a small irregularly-shaped air space, crossed internally by schlerenchyma fibres, between the inner cell and the surface of the gall distal from the shoot. The development of the inner airspace varied considerably in the small sample of galls dissected (Fig. 6). Biology — Only the parthenogenetic females of A. askewi are known. Only parthenogenetic females are also known for the other members of this species group, although the rearing experiments required to exclude an unknown sexual generation from the lifecycle have yet to be performed for any of them. The foodplant was identified from Hedge & Yaltirik (1994) as Quercus petraea subsp. pinnatiloba, but this identification can only be treated as preliminary and requires confirmation. Only this one host is currently known for A. askewi. Again, comparison with other members of the species group, all of which exploit several related host oak species, suggests that other hosts within the oak section Quercus may remain to be discovered. Distribution — Currently only known from Turkey, although further sampling in similar habitats is required to establish its true distribution. Acknowledgments — We thank Dr. A. Rowe for her help in finding Andricus askewi and Dr. Juli Pujade-Villar (University of Barcelona, Spain) for valuable comments on the manuscript. We also thank E. Foki (Systematic Parasitoid Laboratory) for making drawings and M. Bechtold (Systematic Parasitoid Laboratory) for mounting and labelling the type material. REFERENCES Fergusson, N. D. M. (1995): The cynipoid families, pp. 247-265. — In: Hanson, P. E. & Gauld, I. D. (eds): The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford, New York, Tokyo, Oxford University Press. XX + 893 pp. Gibson, G. A. P. (1985): Some pro- and mesothoracic structures important for phylogenetic analysis of Hymenoptera, with a review of terms used for the structures. — The Canadian Entomologist 117: 1395-1443. Hedge, I. C. & Yaltirik, F. (1994): The oaks of Turkey. —Journal of International Oak Society 5: 3-21. Menke, A. (1993): Notauli and parapsidal lines: just what are they? — Sphecos 24: 9-12. Ronquist, F. & Nordlander, G. (1989): Skeletal morphology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). — Entomologica Scandinavica, Suppl. 33: 1-60. Stone, G. N. & Cook, J. M. (1998): The structure of cynipid oak galls: patterns in the evolution of an extended phenotype. — Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, (Ser. B.) 265: 979-988. (Received: 25th April, 2001)