S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 58. (Budapest, 1997)

hrevicornis, compared to the epandrium (cf. Fig. 5 of Peterson 1987). Gonopods distinct, well sclerotized with rather long setae (Fig. 8). Aedeagus bulbous, hidden in the genital complex, parameres large, pointed apically with 9-10 apically directed spines, ejaculatory apodeme long with bulbous sperm pump at base. (We must note here that we think the large pointed paired process lateral to the phallophore to be parameres.) The small plates medial to parameres in the level of the epiphallus must belong to the phallophore. If so, Peterson (1987) misinterpreted them (cf. his Figs 4-5). There are a pair of thin, very long, apically upcurving processes, caudal to phallophore which we name as epiphallus here. Female postabdomen (Figs 9-10) with very short 6th tergite and sternite, postabdomen partly retractible into preabdomen. Three spermathecae (Figs 13). Cerci comparatively large, much larger than those of Sphyracephala hrevicornis (Figs 11, 12; cf. Fig. 3 of Peterson 1987). Holotype male (HNHM): Hungary, Szeged, Maros-torok, magaspart [high bank], 1997. IV. 26., leg. Paulovics & Földvári. Paratypes (all HNHM): 10 males, 7 females: same data; 1 female: ibid., "Marostorok", 1996. X. 15., leg Paulovics P. - "magaspart falán". Sphyracephala europaea sp. n. is the first known species of the genus and of the family Diopsidae in Europe. Its most closely related species is Sphyracephala babadjanidesi Zaitzev, 1919 from Armenia (Elizavetpol, later Kirovakan, now Gyandza). Though we have not had the possibility to compare our specimens to those of Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, there are features, which are unlikely that would have been incorrectly given in the description and figures of S. babadjanidesi. So, both description and figure say that fore basitarsus and tarsomeres are yellow in Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, contrasting those of S. europaea. No dark hue in r, cell of Sphyracephala europaea, contrary to S. babadjanidesi. The fore femur seems thicker in the new species. The width/length ratio of fore femur is 27/75 on the figure of Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, fore femur is definitely thicker in S. europaea. The head as broad or even broader than in Sphyracephala babadjanidesi: the ratio is different in the description and on the figures by Zaitzev: on his figure the ratio of the width of head and the length of body is 133/258, in his description this is 2.2-2.5/3.7-4.2. In Sphyracephala europaea this ratio is: 2.20/ 3.48, 1.903/3.10,2.20/3.50 (males), 1.703/3.375 and 2.15/4.05 (females). Based on the great differences in the shape of the head, in the pattern of the wings and in the details of male and female genitalia, we must regard the Nearctic species, Sphyracephala hrevicornis Say, that of the Far East, S. nigrimana Loew, 1873, and the Oriental S. hearseiana (Westwood, 1845) as less closely related ones. It is more interesting - for us it is a sign of his congenial thinking - that Hennig (1941) hypothesized the occurrence of Sphyracephala in South Europe including Hungary. In his Textfig. 4 he gave a map for the whole known distribution of the family in the World, and in the same map he depicted the "eiszeitlichen Refugien der diluvialen Waldflora und Fauna" based on a work of Reinig (1937), with the known distribution of the known species of Sphyracephala. Acknowledgement - Our grateful thanks are due to Dr Albert Szappanos for the three excellent figures he made parallel with his work for the "Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera", Volume 3.