S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 48. (Budapest, 1987)

Tamartndus indlca, Sclerocarya caffra, Adamsonia digitata, Sterculia appendiculata. The grass in most parts (like in the miombo) is annually burnt. Soil: vertisoil ("mbuga", hardpan, black cotton soil). Altitude: 540 m. Bahati Boy Scout Camp and surrounding riverine (gallery) forest in Morogoro River Valley, at 650-7OO m alt., SE end of Morogoro town: closed, evergreen forest with many lianas. Dominating trees: Bridelia micrantha, Trichllia emetlca, Ficus vallis-choudae, Albizia gummifera. E foothills of Uluguru Mts. Around the Cave of Nhalo hill S of Mkuyuni village. Semi-evergreen tropical rainforest on the rocky W slopes at 450 m altitude. Ground rock: dolomitic marble. Soil: black, rendzina-like, E foothills of Ulunguru Mts. Klmboza Forest Reserve: carstic tropical evergreen rainforest, wet type, with travertino building streamlets. Dominant emergent trees: Khaya nyasica (East African mahogany - already cut),Parkia filicoidea, Rhodognaphalon schumannianum, Chlorophora excelsa (logged), Newtonia paucijuga, Cordyla africana. Antiaris toxicaria, Aningeria pseudoracemosa, Cussonia zimmermannii, Scorodophloeus fischeri. Middle storey is formed by Scorodophloeus, Sorindeia madagascariensis, Bequaertiodendron natalense, Drypetes natalensis, Rauvolfia mombasiana, Uvariodendron gorgonis and Pandanus goetzei. The latter fors almost pure stads along streamlets, with some Zênkérellâ egregia, Breonadia microcephala and Filicium decipiens. Sampling was carried out mostly in this facies. Altitude: 250-300 m. Soil: yellow lateritic, among rocks black, rendzinalike. Riverine (

gallery) forest near Kwedilomba village (place called "Kwambawa") along the Chalinze-Segera road, 31 km S of Segera junction, at the N branch of Msangasi stream, at 200 m alt.: the canopy is dense, semi-evergreen, dominated gy Scorodophloeus fischeri, Pterocarpus tinctorius, Chlorophora excelsa

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and many other trees. East Usambara Mts. near Amani

: Kwamkoro, Kwamsambia and Amani West Forest Reserves: all intermediate (submontane) rainforests, with 40-60 m tall evergreen canopy formed by Cephalosphaera usambarensis, Newtonia paucijuga, Isoberlinia scheffleri, Allanblackia stuhlmannii, Myrianthus holstii, Mitragyne rubrostipulata, Tabernaemontana, on higher ridge summits also Ocotea usambarensis (East African camphor). All these studied submontane rainforests occurred at 9001100 m altitude, and with 1900-2300 mm annual rainfall. Their lower tree layer and shrub layer among primary conditions is dominated by Rublaceae (mostly Psychotria, Chassalia and Pavetta) and by Dracaena species, in valley bottoms by treeferns (Cyathea manniana) while in the herbaceous layer Zingiberaceae (Costus and Aframomum), Commelinaceae (Pollia condensata, Stanfieldiella imperforata and Aneilema species), Marantaceae (Marantochloa) and Araceae (e. g. Callopsls volkensil), finally Acanthaceae dominate. Botanically these submontane rainforests (especially the undisturbed stands) are very rich in endemic and in West African lowland rainforest elements. At logged places a secondary rainforest develops dominated with the easily spreading Maesopsis eminii, which forms a loose, fairly open canopy and in the other strata many light-demanding, half-weedy species takes place. Their soil is ferralitic (yellow or red latérite), covered by qute rich humus (A

Q

) layer. pH between 3. 5 and 5.5, groundstone:gneiss

. East Usambara Mts. Forests near Hunga River, below and above Derema village: the stands on the slopes are submontane rainforests similar to the above, while stands in the inundation area of the streambed (8. Feb. and 16. Feb. 1987, 840-900 m) and the stand in the botanic garden below Amani Station, are of more riverine type where Pterocarpus tinctorius and Dracaena derem ensis occur. Kwamgumi and Segoma Forest Reserves: lowland semi-evergreen (seasonal) rainforest. Dominant trees: Antiaris toxicaria, Tabernaemontana, Cola scheffleri, Funtumia africana, Leptonychia usambarensis, Celtls mildbraedil, Pachystela msolo, Rhodognaphalon schumannianum, Blighia unijugata, Bequaertiodendron natalense. The giant liana (with almost 1 m long pods), Entada pursaetha

, is common. In the herb layer Callopsis volkensli (Araceae) and Olyra latifolla are dominant, at wetter places Costus and Pollia condensata. Soil: ferralitic, orange-red latérite with greyish brown AQ layer. Groundstone: gneiss. Amboni Cave 6 km W of Tanga town, at 50 m alt. (E foothills of Usam'baras): dry coastal forest on limestone, with dominant Chlorophora excelsa, Tabernaemontana and Ficus sp. On rock cliffs with Encephalartos hildebrandtii (Cycadaceae)

. Type locality of the African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha). The soil (except along Mkulumuzi streamlet) dry, pale greyish brown, rendzina-like. At the foot of West Usambara Mts., near Mombo restaurant: remnants of a tall riverine forest on the alluvial soil of a stream, at 400 m alt., surrounded by dry forest and savanna woodland (600 mm rain/year).