S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 34/1. (Budapest, 1981)

bristles of hind tibiae equal. 3.2-7 mm Group 6: Aganocrossus 13 (12) Setae of elytra sparse or dense, decumbent, not springing from big punctures. 14 (15) Body very long. Clypeus deeply emarginate, genae strongly produced beyond eyes. Head and pronotum strongly punctate, sparsely, decumbent setose. Elytra dilated to apex, on sides with short, on apices with long setae. Hind metatarsi scarcely longer than upper thorn of hind tibiae and almost as long as next two joints together. 5-5.5 mm Group 7: Longaphodius 15 (14) Characters different. 16 (17) Setae of elytra short, dense, almost erect. ClypeuB, in the single South African species, broadly emarginate, both sides rounded. Head flat. Elytra strongly striated, the four innermost striae free on apex. 3-6 mm Group 8: Trichonotulus 17 (16) Setae of upper surface decumbent. Elytra mostly with a very distinct dark anteapical pattern. Head big, flat, clypeus rounded or slinghtly emarginate (Fig. 23), genae mostly produced beyond eyes. Apical bristles of hind tibiae unequal. Hind metatarsi often very long. 2.5-7 mm Group 9: Trichaphodius 18 (11) Upper surface bald, or only on sides and apex of elytra with more or less indistinct pubescence

. 19 (44) Basis of pronotum without border. 20 (21) Apical bristles of hind tibiae equal in length (Fig. 13). Black, yellow or bicoloured species. Front with or without tubercle. 3-8 mm Group 10: Nialus 21 (20) Apical bristles of hind tibiae more or less unequal (Fig. 14). 22 (23) Posterior angles of pronotum truncate (as Fig, 24). Clypeus emarginate, frontal knob distinct, genae big. Basis of pronotum without border. Apex of middle tibiae in male excised. Hind metatarsi as long as upper thorn, below densely setose. 7.5-7.6 mm Group 11 : Noli eus 23 (22) Combination of characters different. 24 (25) Head big, clypeus semicircular. Hind angles of pronotum distinct, not truncate. 8 mm Group 12: Acrossus 25 (24) Head much smaller, not semicircular, or genae not produced beyond eyes. 26 (27) Hind angles of pronotum truncate and often deeply emarginate (Fig. 25), basis without border, but sometime with a transversal row of bigger punctures. Hind tibiae only with reduced oblique carinae. 2.5-4 mm Group 13: Paradidactylia 27 (26) Hind angles of pronotum obtuse or rounded, or other characters not as above. 28 (31) Apical margin of pronotum bordered (only in the middle of males of the group Craterocyphus: border indistinct). 29 (30) Anterior part of pronotum in males declivous (Fig. 27), behind with a big knob, in females pronotum simply convex. Front of males with a short horn, females with an obtuse knob. Reddish brown, disc of pronotum darker. 8-11 mm Group 14: Craterocyphus 30 (29) Pronotum and front also in males simply convex. Colour similar as in preceding group. 7-8 mm Group 15: Hauserius 31 (28) Apical margin of pronotum without border. 32 (33) Seventh and ninth intervals connected before apex of elytra, forming a short ridge. 4 mm Group 16: Plagiogonus 33 (32) Seventh and ninth Intervals disconnected, or at least not forming a ridge. 34 (35) Elytra with short, sharply limited black spots (Fig. 28). Clypeus truncate, genae rounded, only weakly produced beyond eyes. Front with very weak knob. Hind metatarsi longer than upper thorn and about as long as next three joints together. 4.5-7 mm Group 17: Calaphodius 35 (34) Elytra without small black spots. 36 (37) Hind metatarsi shorter than upper thorn of hind tibiae. Apical thorn of anterior tibiae in males springing mostly opposite to middle outer tooth, in female normal. Clypeus emarginate, genae small, knob on head distinct. Pronotum simply convex, mostly with a round discal spot. 4-6 mm Group 18: Cinacanthus 37 (36) Hind metatarsi longer than upper thorn, rarely as long, or other characters not as above. 38 (41) Big species, 8-20 mm long. 39 (40) Genae big, angular, strongly produced beyond eyes (Fig. 47). Pronotum of males behind anterior margin deeply Impressed, in females simple. Front without tubercle, clypeal knob distinct. Hind metatarsi about as long as upper thorn of hind tibiae and about as long as next three Joints together. 13-15 mm Group 19: ParadelopariuB