Folia archeologica 52.

T. Dobosi Viola: Gravetti lelőhelyek Pilismarót környékén

48 I . DOBOSI VIOLA GRAVETTIAN SITES AROUND PILISMARÓT Excavations around Pilismarót were re-started in 1979 and continued till 1995, following previous research by notable predecessors. This paper gives an account of 11 seasons of excavation, some 300 working days, excavations and related field surveys as follows: 1. The plateau extending from Dömös-Pattantyús to Pilismarót-Hideglelős kereszt is levelled by Late Würm loess at an elevation of cca. 150 m a.s.l., dissected by dry or stream valleys into poliedrical blocks. These valleys used to lead the herds of reindeer from the Gerecse Mts. to the plains along the river Danube. Along the margin of the plateau, a range of Upper Palaeolithic temporary hunters' camps have been excavated or identified. 2. The stratigraphical sequence of the excavations is practically identical. In the 30-40 cm thick humus, the A and В soil levels can be clearly separated. Under the humus, we can find more or less sandy loess in variable thickness. The main cultural layer can be located at the depth of 60-120 cm. At three of the localities, a less characteristic upper cultural layer could be observed as well. 3. Settlement features comprise the usual elements, stone tools, fabrication debris, burnt and ashy patches, grains of ochre. At some of the settlement, the habitation phenomena are confined to one concentration of finds while in other cases we can observe so-called dispersed settlement features: at a distance of several metres from the central concentration of finds, along any sections opened on the small plateau, archaeological finds may come to light. This is specially typical for the locality Tetves-tető and, according to obseervations made by Miklós Gábori, Öregek dűlő. 4. The fauna is primarily composed of reindeer. Further remains found cornrise wolf, fox, wolverine, bison, horse, elk, mammoth, wild boar and hare. 5. The archaeological material can be uniformly assigned to the Epigravettian culture. It is Gravettian in the sense that the tool-kit comprise certain leading tool types characteristic of the culture and it is „Epi" in the chronological sense: it can be connected to the small interstadials following the last cold peak of the Würm glaciation. The blade-based technology is following the Pavlovian tradition of more than 10000 years before. The concept of the „Pilisszántó Culture" prevailing in technical literature for a few decades ceased with the discovery and identification of open-air sites with the characteristic Gravettian micro-blades. 6. The raw material of the stone tools is most variable and colourful. The primary sources comprise all known collecting spots of the period and several raw material varieties originate from outside the Carpathian Basin. 7. Among the „exotic" finds, a cube-form amber, two incised sandstone concretions, relatively large number of trinket snails and rock crystal implement deserve special attention. Viola T. Dobosi Translated by Katalin T. Bíró