Folia archeologica 47.

Csongrádiné Balogh Éva: Tipológiai és traszeológiai vizsgálatok rézkori és bronzkori pattintott kőeszközökön

PATTINTOTT KŐESZKÖZÖK VIZSGÁLATAI 39 to be formed after the preparation of a burin. According to experiments made with both macro- and microwear can be observed on the experimental implements.

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9 E.g. after spear-thrusting with a bifacial point (Clovis point) the following microwear appears: a tip removal with the following fractures: crushing, rolling bend-breaks (2-5 mm of tip broken), snap-breaks through basal corners, burin breaks extend up from base.

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0 In case of spear thrusting with bifacial point burin splits are removed along blade edges, from behind the tip toward base.

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1 In case of throwing, thrusting, bow-shooting with points, blades and flakes, small clusters of step and hinge termination fractures appear at the distal end or large step or hinge terminated fractures occur: clusters of scars along the edges, adjacent to point and burin scars along lateral edges from tip.

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2 Bow-shot arrow-heads (retouched microliths) snow burin breaks on unretouched edges, flute-like break on dorsal faces, from tip and transverse breaks. Breaks appear not only on the distal end. On bow-shot projectile points (e.g. on retouched tanged blades) burin like impact fractures from the distal tip appear.

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3 On retouched and pressure flaked blades (Ksar Akil points) used as bow-shot Í

)oints burin like fractures appear on the lateral edges and on the tip: flute-like ractures, chip removed from dorsal or ventral faces, shallow flake scar at tip, bending fractures: transversal break, sometimes with smaller burin-like spalls on corner snaps.

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4 On tanged (shouldered) points, transversal flint arrowheads shot by bow there are bending fractures perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the point, stepterminating bending fractures appear and also large unifacial and bifacial spin-offs originating from the bending fracture. They appear on both the distal and proximal parts. The majority of damages formed during the experiments can be connected with the distal parts of the points. The most frequently occurring types of damages are bending fractures or those fractures which are similar to those left after the preparation of burins. These damages may appear on all the three parts of the points, that is on the distal, medial and proximal parts. Considering the results of the above-mentioned experiments one may wonder whether those bending fractures and fractures similar to the ones left after preparating a burin used to appear on those tools (bifacial points, blades, flakes, retouched microliths, retouched shouldered blades, transversal flint arrowheads, shouldered blades, retouched blades, flaked over their surfaces) which are suitalbe for making throwing, stabbing, or shooting activity with them, can be interpreted as intentionally created phenomens, that is as some technological feature characteristic of the type(s) in question or they are the results of natural damages caused by the above-mentioned activities. Though these observations do not query the intentional manufacture of the "burin" - since from typological point of view burins, including their several varieties, form an independent and well-defined group of tools from the Paleolithic on it is still make us ponder on the fact that certain function (activity) can induce on a tool the same damage as intentional tool 4

9 Barton - Bergman 1982, 237-248. 5

0 Huckell 1982,217-224. 5

1 Frison 1978 5

2 Shea 1988, 441-450. 5

3 Moss 1983, 143-161. 5

4 Bergman - Newcomer 1983, 238-243. 5

5 Fischer 1985, 29-39. I t